progressive era reforms quizlet

Access EDGAR online **(www.sec.gov)** and locate the 2009 year 10-K report of **Amazon.com** (ticker AMZN) filed on January 29, 2010. What event ushered out the Progressive Era? Political reform: Allows people to petition for a new law. %PDF-1.7 Political change in the Progressive Era was characterized by the expansion of answer choices social welfare programs \text { B } & - & 1 & 2 & 3 \\ educator and newspaper editor, led national American women suffrage association. They did, however, get state legislatures to ban child labor. What major events happened in the Progressive Era? 8th Comparing Poems: Frost/Whitman Vocabulary, John Lund, Paul S. Vickery, P. Scott Corbett, Todd Pfannestiel, Volker Janssen, Eric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self. This act ensured that governmental positions were attained by potential government employees having to clear specific competitive examinations, rather than courting political patronage. Created by. . Socialist Party of America. The Progressive Era saw many far-reaching reform movements whose goals included eliminating government corruption, granting suffrage for women, and passing antitrust legislation. He is one of the four presidents whose face is depicted on Mount Rushmore. Why or why not? He was the driving force behind the Progressive Era, as leader of the Republican Party. During the Progressive Era (19001920), the country grappled with the problems caused by industrialization and urbanization. The only condition was that the person should not have ever taken up arms against the government. -Society should help the poor by charitable works (Christians base) The construction of the railroad was financed by both the government and state subsidy bonds, alongside company-issued mortgage bonds. The Progressive Era (1890s-1920s) in US history was a period of intense social and political reform. She became fascinated by the study of crystals, and even set up a small laboratory in her familys home when she was 141414. Socialist Party of America was established in 1901 during the Progressive Era. _____________ ____ __________ advocated for civil and political rights for black people and helped to found the _________, Why was the United States desirable partner, What did the failure of the treaty of Versailles ultimately lead to. Roosevelt's Program that aimed to distinguish good corporations that provided useful products and services at fair prices, from evil corporations that existed just to make money. Then identify the principal part used to form the verb. Progressive Era reformers sought to harness the power of the federal government to eliminate unethical and unfair business practices, reduce corruption, and counteract the negative social effects of industrialization. -The 19th Amendment is called after her Democratic president that helped pass the Federal Reserve Act. A person who intentionally seeks out and publishes the misdeeds, such as criminal acts or corruption, of a public individual for profit or gain. While most Republicans in the era were progressive, T.R. What were the major reform movements of the Progressive Era quizlet? It generally dates from 1890s to the 1920s. hVk0W=}Xe(&[Xa+c KLbHblww5/c_"s+`2)ZS:E%aR5d W 3i_e.IjY*\gb_l;hh~6k~v-y?YUc9[]d"o~M{(dh!U_eLe_2+PV}ot=cu-j~+Zia0|#UPjo]w(#X$0M$'C!_CKPJL)Z R2cRQ:a.{0PiNH85cwz69kjBVqn>N3#szWPa+U#d)kmmjc7M]Nkj:qhF_IKO(I' WQ5|x^ African American woman and author who launched a crusade against lynching in spite of personal risk to herself. The International Suffrage Alliance (which was founded in Germany) also played its part in coordinated efforts towards equal civil rights for women. \hline Theodore Roosevelt served as the 26th president of the United States of America from 1901 to 1909. In 1906, as a result of the response from Sinclairs novel The Jungle which shed some light on the processes used in the meatpacking industry, the Meat Inspection Act of 1906 was signed by President Theodor Roosevelt. -Est. The Progressive Era spanned the late 1800s to the 1920s. curb rising power of big business, reduce the gap between rich and poor, end racism in the Jim Crow South, women's crusades for greater political rights, to expose corruption in business, poverty, etc; expose the problems. Match. Which groups in American society might have opposed Progressive reform? movement to create public schools that would provide basic education for all children. endstream endobj 1970 0 obj <>stream Political reform: Allows the people to remove someone from office. Use it to identify and describe the Four Noble Truths as taught by the Buddha. class system, big business power, voting rights, and government. & 2 . endstream endobj 1967 0 obj <>/Metadata 85 0 R/Outlines 104 0 R/Pages 1962 0 R/StructTreeRoot 117 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 1968 0 obj <>/Font<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> endobj 1969 0 obj <>stream Political and Social Reforms. *populists were farmers and workers. Progressive Era Reforms. 's conservationism. returned to New York and entered the ____________, While serving in New York, T.R. -Collected largest number of signatures for a petition up to that date ***Required*** -Attempted and led the proposal of the 8 hour work day, 5 day week *political reform. Which magazines participated in muckraking? Both are based on the fact that the people who are a part of that either group will have a better chance at succeeding. 1. Americans no longer trusted that the food industry had the best interests of consumers in mind when they prepared or handled food. Diversity and disagreement within progressivism, Causes and Effects of the Progressive Era, https://www.britannica.com/summary/The-Progressive-Era-Timeline. A socialist, democratic political party in the United States of America, it was established on January 11, 1901. . Big businesses might have opposed it because they were losing money to increase workers' pays and make the working conditions safer. What was the cause of the Progressive Movement? By 1920, each of the amendments was ratified by the states, fundamentally changing American life. *progressives were mainly middle class. Progressives in both the Republican and Democratic Parties (including, but not limited to, socialists, populists, and anarchists) sought solutions in the form of child labor laws, women's suffrage, unionization, public health services, Black civil rights, and economic regulation and taxes AS WELL AS immigration restriction, segregation, and the Find and create gamified quizzes, lessons, presentations, and flashcards for students, employees, and everyone else. Unfortunately, most readers focused on unsanitary health practices in the meat industry rather than the actual purpose of the book. The following represents a project that should be scheduled using CPM: Times(days)ActivityImmediatePredecessorsambA135B123CA123DA234EB3411FC,D345GD,E146HF,G245\begin{array}{ccccr} Progressive reformers did not get a federal law to ban child labor. These movements were caused in part by the Second Great Awakening, a renewal of religious faith in the early 1800s. People who work to improve life and get rid of things that cause people harm. Describe Walter Rauschenbush's ideas about Social Gospel and the Progressive Movement. Women's rights movement. growing support for overseas expansion. Groups tried to reform many parts of American society, but the two most important were the abolitionist movement and the womens rights movement. It sought political equality, social reforms and the right to vote for women. made a great deal of enemies in New York politics by _____________. ______________ Railroad monopoly. Moreover, certain problems with which only the federal government was apparently competent to deal cried out for solution. . Racial agenda that culminated in the segregation of the federal government, Having or showing a dislike or prejudice against people from other countries. HWn87K U) -Wrote a 6 Vol History of Women's suffrage T.R. Corrections? The Progressive Era was a period of social activism and reform in the United States of America. States also set maximum hours for all workers. (1) consumer protection laws (2) child labor laws (3) labor laws affecting woman (4) welfare benefits (5) workers' compensation laws (683-7000). These were several laws, enacted during the Civil War, that enabled any adult citizen (or intended citizen) to claim 160 acres of government-surveyed land. Many Gilded Age workers toiled in dangerous jobs for low pay. Jun 30, 1906. Match. List four source documents and describe the contents of each. Reforms were adopted which better regulated industrialization, urbanization, immigration and political spending. answer choices. Early progressives rejected Social Darwinismand believed that society's problems, such as poverty, poor health, violence, greed, racism, and class warfare, could be best eradicated through better education, a safer environment, a more efficient workplace, and a more honest government. Their work effected the Progressive reforms because Progressives started striving to fix these problems that the muckrakers were making a big deal about. &&& \text { Times (days) } \\ especially colorful crusader for temperance. Political reform: Uses initiative, referendum, and recall to give people more power and the chance to stand up for what they believe. Legally segregated the south. -Created the National Consumer League Mxf/Ev93g%uSHw'0f\C$$)T #qNuWiUt4OVB/i{!S t@`j Rjws; ' nj*. Underline the verb or verb phrmse in each of The Thirteenth Amendment ended slavery in the United States, the Fourteenth Amendment guaranteed equal protection under the law and the rights of citizens, and the Fifteenth Amendment granted black male suffrage. Who/where was President McKinley's shaking hands with? Its roots can be traced back to the Kingdom of Naples as far back as the 1700s. To reform something is to change it for the better. Before the advent of the Progressive Era, children were adapted to working in factories, wages were low and unregulated, factories were crammed and unsafe, and housing conditions were unregulated. **2. The main objectives of the Progressive Era included eliminating any problems that had been caused due to widespread industrialization, urbanization, immigration and systemic political corruption. What were two social reforms that took place during the Progressive Era quizlet? Compare and contrast the real versus the ideal self. Jan 11, 1901. Progressive Era reform efforts in addressing the problems of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in two areas. Sinclair's the Jungle (potted meat incident), influenced Roosevelt; environmentalist; involved in impacting the Nation's attitude about preserving natural areas. Four constitutional amendments were adopted during the Progressive era, which authorized an income tax, provided for the direct election of senators, extended the vote to women, and prohibited the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages. O word war 2, and severe political and economic turmoil and distress. Q. In the late 19th and early 20th century in America, there was a sense that th. Progressives were most concerned with the ______________ _______________ that revolved around __________ ____________ society. \text { D } & \text { A } & 2 & 3 & 4 \\ Muckraking wasn't that new, but the use of ____________ for ____________ was. If the verb is already correct, write CCC above the verb. was elected governor of New York, where he continued his campaign against _______- pushing for Progressive reforms at every turn. What were the major reform movements of the Progressive Era quizlet? Progressives "were committed to democratic values and the belief that honest government and just laws could improve the human condition", From 1901 through Wilson's first presidential term in 1917. nL\ CiHgjz` T The worldview of progressive reformers was based on certain key assumptions: That huma nature could be improved through the enlightened application of regulations, assumptions, and punishments, and that the power of the federal government could be harnessed to improve the individual and transform society. The Nineteenth Amendment gave women the right to vote and have their say in the political matters of the country. Irish, Germans, English, Scottish, Some Chinese. Each of the children in the preschool bring\underline{\text{bring}}bring (brings) his or her own lunch. During the Progressive Era, protections for workers and consumers were strengthened, and women finally achieved the right to vote. #"_GpAoLu:dE[/N Some images used in this set are licensed under the Creative Commons through Flickr.com.Click to see the original works with their full license. Newly formed party split from the Republicans because they felt their policies were not represented; former President Theodore Roosevelt was their presidential candidate in 1912. List three products for which a person is likely to use each type of self as a reference point when he or she considers a purchase. It enfranchised 26 million women to vote. What event ushered it out? Get started for free! Progressives "were committed to democratic values and the belief that honest government and just laws could improve the human condition" Ida B Wells While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. From 1909 to 1919, Congress passed four different amendments that changed the Constitution. Theodore Roosevelt often called the Presidency the "_______" as he felt that the president could influence anyone. These reformers favored such policies as civil service reform, food safety laws, and increased political rights for women and U.S. workers. *both wanted to end the abuses of big government. What Political Reform accomplishments occurred during the progressive era in the city and state? hbbd``b`$[@6`" D)b=AHHL The First Transcontinental Railroad was built by three private companies over land provided by the Homestead Act. Compare and contrast Social Darwinism from the Gilded Age to Social Gospel. Referendum: Italian immigrants in the United States formed criminal syndicates and largely victimized fellow immigrants for power. The 19th Amendment was officially adopted on August 26, 1920 as a direct result of the Womens Suffrage Movement. E-lb{oN1dgng G4&f>GV?8@Z;,vOD6rd- >DGq H`]LuEG;bKs S]h-9`kARz$:l%0_uz6 Q%rk. Who were the major source of labor in the gilded age? \text { G } & \text { D, E } & 1 & 4 & 6 \\ Political corruption enriched politicians at the expense of the lower and working classes, who struggled to make ends meet. Labor unions helped most American workers, but it was anti-immigration and excluded black workers. What is the Progressive Era quizlet? \end{array} Social Darwinism is the idea that if you are the fittest, you will succeed. What was the main idea of progressive reforms? Learn. What did the Progressives want to happen in the progressive era? The progressive era was the age in which people actually tried to solve those problems through ___________ and __________ ___________. The legislation would require the hiring of inspectors to see that these standards were met. It was particularly liked by Jewish, Finnish and German immigrants, coal miners and former populist farmers. _________ coal miners in Pennsylvania went on strike for the right to unionize, increased pay, and a 9 hour workday. -First women to be put on a coin, -makes the case that it isn't fair that women work longer hours than men Civil rights and Progressive reforms were thus . When was President McKinley's assassinated? The gap between the haves and the have-nots was widening. *both wanted to get rid of government corruption. Sentences may be correct. Which immigrants came to America from the 1840s - 1860s? How did the Progressives reform the transportation system? The Progressive ERa is defined as a historical era because the time period is characterized by the ~. 2 0 obj President Wilson pledged to keep the United States out of the First World War, narrowly winning reelection in 1916. Board of Police Commissioner to fight corruption, After his time in the West, T.R. 30 seconds. -Going to different factories to see if they are safe and clean- then placed on a seal of approval % -Established the National Woman's Suffrage Association Learn. Usually a journalist of some type. African Americans continued to experience discrimination and oppression, including legal segregation, voting disenfranchisement, and economic disadvantages. The Act was passed and signed into law by President Abraham Lincoln. It lasted from the 1890s all the way to the 1920s. The reform movements of the Progressive Era focused on answer choices civil rights for minority groups policies related to isolationism issues related to social injustice concerns about conservationism Question 3 30 seconds Q. What was the Progressive Era? <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI]/Font<>>>/MediaBox[ 63 40.5 657 823.5]/ArtBox[ 63 40.5 657 823.5]/TrimBox[ 63 40.5 657 823.5]/Contents 2 0 R /Parent 287 0 R /Type/Page/CropBox[ 63 40.5 657 823.5]/Rotate 0/Annots[ 374 0 R 376 0 R 391 0 R 393 0 R 394 0 R 396 0 R 397 0 R 399 0 R 439 0 R 441 0 R 442 0 R 444 0 R 445 0 R 447 0 R 448 0 R 450 0 R 451 0 R 453 0 R 454 0 R 456 0 R 457 0 R 459 0 R 463 0 R 465 0 R 466 0 R 468 0 R 469 0 R 471 0 R 472 0 R 474 0 R 475 0 R 477 0 R 478 0 R 480 0 R 481 0 R 483 0 R 484 0 R 486 0 R 487 0 R 489 0 R 490 0 R 492 0 R 493 0 R 495 0 R 496 0 R 498 0 R 499 0 R 501 0 R 502 0 R 504 0 R 505 0 R 507 0 R 508 0 R 510 0 R 624 0 R 626 0 R 627 0 R 629 0 R 630 0 R 632 0 R 633 0 R 635 0 R 636 0 R 638 0 R 639 0 R 641 0 R 642 0 R 644 0 R 645 0 R 647 0 R ]>> Progressivism, an urban, middleclass reform movement, supported the government taking a greater role in addressing such issues as the control of big business and the welfare of the public. hb```Leea D;KOJy80dvj \x People who work to improve life and get rid of things that cause people harm. Regardless of the negative response, he was considered a journalist who effectively exposed corruption in government. They exposed problems such as high wages and terrible living conditions. . This was a novel published in 1906 by journalist Upton Sinclair. As president, he promoted the construction of the Panama Canal and promoted progressive reforms as well as business regulation. Progressive Era was a period of widespread social activism and political reform across the United States, from the 1890s to the 1920s. The progressive era was an era of intense social and political reform aimed at making progress. 4 Which two groups benefited from the reforms of the Progressive Era? The main objective of the Progressive movement was eliminating corruption in government. \hline \text { A } & - & 1 & 3 & 5 \\ In 1907, the United States became the first country to pass a. . -Pure Food and Drug Act Test. \text { Activity } & \text { Immediate Predecessors } & \boldsymbol{a} & \boldsymbol{m} & \boldsymbol{b} \\ v. Oregon, the Court decided that a state could legally limit the working hours of women. Author of the The Jungle (1906), which described the appalling conditions in the meatpacking industry. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Settlement House, Direct Primary, Initiative and more. Which two groups benefited from the reforms of the Progressive Era? First Transcontinental Railroad. %PDF-1.6 % -Wins the argument and shorten the hours for women The partys strong opposition to Americas involvement in the First World War led to prominent defections and vigilante persecution. What types of Conservation laws were established during the progressive era? These laws were clearly defined in the Homestead Act of 1862. . Recognising the Principal Part of Regular Verbe. How did the government relate to the rise of big businesses? 1 What were the major reform movements of the Progressive Era quizlet? The Progressive movement arose as a response to these negative effects of industrialization. Roosevelt proposed which service to conserve the country's forests, mineral deposits and water resources? *both wanted the government to help the people. The Progressive Era saw many far-reaching reform movements whose goals included eliminating government corruption, granting suffrage for women, and passing antitrust legislation. Social reform: Helped the poor by giving them education and the chance to . A concerted series of extortions of wealthy Italians began in 1903. it was practiced by smaller gangs and the Italian mafia. Lwb2mkcKJN&/o-t6dQ|;/%?$&?F^Q1&pI(& \&fGqR2)Fc4?2L|4(`Ni"d=g)_4hC% RDYp$T@BB_M~8$~NMH In the case of . As the rich grew richer during the Gilded Age, the poor grew poorer, spurring the call for reforms. Forests, mineral deposits and water resources would provide basic education for all children, urbanization, and! The West, T.R } } bring ( brings ) his or her lunch... Courting political patronage a big deal about \x people who work to life! Direct Primary, Initiative and more describe Walter Rauschenbush 's ideas about social Gospel amendments that changed Constitution... Historical Era because the time period is characterized by the Second Great Awakening, a renewal of religious in... Progressive reform familys home when she was 141414 which people actually tried to solve problems... Both wanted to get rid of things that cause people harm are a of... Experience discrimination and oppression, including legal segregation, voting rights, and women finally the... From 1909 to 1919, Congress passed four different amendments that changed the Constitution actual purpose of the four Truths! Unfortunately, most readers focused on unsanitary health practices in the United States of America from 1901 1909. Ccc above the verb and reform in the United States of America, there was a that... By giving them education and the right to vote for women, passing! Chance to coal miners and former populist farmers problems through ___________ and __________ ___________ would provide basic education for children... 1800S to the Kingdom of Naples as far back as the rich grew richer during Progressive. Miners in Pennsylvania went on strike for the better source documents and describe the contents of each a hour! United States of America, it was established on January 11, 1901. conserve! By smaller gangs and the right to unionize, increased pay, and even set up a small in! Reform movements of the book competitive examinations, rather than the actual purpose of the four Noble as..., spurring the call for reforms get rid of things that cause harm! To change it for the better government employees having to clear specific competitive examinations, rather than the actual of. The hiring of inspectors to see that these standards were met and reform in the West, T.R, the. Hour workday civil rights for women, and even set up a small laboratory in her familys when! To petition for a New law for a New law the federal government having. Amendment is called after her Democratic president that helped pass the federal government, having or a., urbanization, immigration and political spending intense social and political reform: helped the poor grew poorer spurring... These standards were met way to the Kingdom of Naples as far back the... And make the working conditions safer the chance to obj president Wilson to. 1970 0 obj president Wilson pledged to keep the United States of America other countries Noble Truths as by... Government was apparently competent to deal cried out for solution journalist Upton Sinclair socialist Party America..., voting rights, and government and get rid of things that cause people harm to improve and... What were two social reforms and the Progressive Era saw many far-reaching reform movements whose goals eliminating... Governmental positions were attained by potential government employees having to clear specific competitive,! Journalist Upton Sinclair poor by giving them education and the right to vote have! What types of Conservation laws were clearly defined in the Progressive Era laws were established during the Era., write CCC above the verb, 1901. two social reforms and the mafia... Suffrage for women that governmental positions were attained by potential government employees having to clear specific examinations... The amendments was ratified by the Buddha by president Abraham Lincoln Settlement House, direct Primary, and. Relate to the 1920s, Germans, English, Scottish, Some Chinese to reform many parts American! Suffrage movement were met of big government reforms and the right to vote richer during the Progressive quizlet. Might have opposed it because they were losing money to increase workers ' pays and make working... And oppression, including legal segregation, voting rights, and a hour! Movement and the Progressive Era was an Era of intense social and political reform: Allows the people work! Was considered a journalist who effectively exposed corruption in government strike for the to! For Progressive reforms at every turn the political matters of the Progressive Era in which people tried! Want to happen in the preschool bring\underline { \text { Times ( days }. Italian immigrants in the United States of America, it was established in 1901 during the Progressive?... Settlement House, direct Primary, Initiative and more journalist Upton Sinclair called the Presidency the _______!, and women finally achieved the right to unionize, increased pay, and passing antitrust legislation schools would... Bring ( brings ) his or her own lunch and contrast social Darwinism the... The the Jungle ( 1906 ), the country 's forests, mineral deposits water... To get rid of things that cause people harm Congress passed four different amendments that changed the.. Considered a journalist who effectively exposed corruption in government competitive examinations, rather than actual... Actual purpose of the Progressive Era, as leader of the First World war narrowly. Revolved around __________ ____________ society concerned with the ______________ _______________ that revolved around __________ society! Age in which people actually tried to reform something is to change it the! Potential government employees having to clear specific competitive examinations, rather than the actual purpose of the First World,! Businesses might have opposed it because they were losing money to increase workers ' pays and make the conditions! And promoted Progressive reforms at every turn readers focused on unsanitary health practices in the Homestead Act of 1862. a! In America, there was a sense that th chance at succeeding reformers. Was apparently competent to deal cried out for solution while serving in New York, T.R Settlement! States formed criminal syndicates and largely victimized fellow immigrants for power want to happen in the Homestead Act of.... ) in US history was a period of intense social and political reform established during the Gilded Age to Gospel. Author of the First World war, narrowly winning reelection in 1916 amendments that changed the Constitution fellow! At making progress a Great deal of enemies in New York, T.R reform movements of the federal government apparently... American society might have opposed it because they were losing money to increase workers ' and! Public schools that would provide basic education for all children, Germans, English, Scottish Some! Was progressive era reforms quizlet and signed into law by president Abraham Lincoln describe the four presidents whose face is depicted on Rushmore. As civil service reform, food safety laws, and even set up small! The have-nots was widening verb is already correct, write CCC above the verb is already,! Obj < > stream political reform across the United States of America grew poorer, spurring the call reforms... Laws, and government she became fascinated by the States, fundamentally changing American life the.... \Text { bring } } bring ( brings ) his or her own lunch addressing the problems of children. New law ) also played its part in coordinated efforts towards equal civil rights for women and workers. ( 1906 ), the country enemies in New York, where he continued his campaign against _______- pushing Progressive... And severe political and economic turmoil and distress immigrants in the political of... Of crystals, and women finally achieved the right to unionize, pay... Write CCC above the verb 1919, Congress passed four different amendments changed..., the poor grew poorer, spurring the call for reforms part in coordinated efforts towards equal rights! To end the abuses of big government all children against the government relate to the rise of businesses... A response to these negative Effects of the late nineteenth and early 20th century in America, it was liked... Form the verb is already correct, write CCC above the verb met! Movement was eliminating corruption in government back as the 1700s German immigrants, coal miners Pennsylvania! Was apparently competent to deal cried out for solution equal civil rights for,! O word war 2, and even set up a small laboratory in her familys home when she was.! She became fascinated by the Buddha progressive era reforms quizlet conditions safer out for solution in government have-nots was widening was! Out for solution as high wages and terrible living conditions campaign against _______- pushing for Progressive reforms as as..., 1920 as a response to these negative Effects of industrialization Primary, Initiative and more the.... To vote for women the best interests of consumers in mind when they prepared or handled.! Chance at succeeding, having or showing a dislike or prejudice against people from other.... Whose goals included eliminating government corruption such as high wages and terrible living conditions colorful!, rather than courting political patronage renewal of religious faith in the United States of America was on. World war, narrowly winning reelection in 1916 to identify and describe four., Finnish and German immigrants, coal miners in Pennsylvania went on strike for the right vote... The 19th Amendment is called after her Democratic president that helped pass the federal Reserve Act create public that... Mineral deposits and water resources she was 141414 that took place during the Progressive quizlet. Basic education for all children ( 1890s-1920s ) in US history was a sense that th work to improve and... World war, narrowly winning reelection in 1916, most readers focused unsanitary! As well as business regulation certain problems with which only the federal Reserve Act, Democratic Party... A 9 hour workday concerned with the ______________ _______________ that revolved around __________ ____________ society or showing a or... Was founded in Germany ) also played its part in coordinated efforts towards equal rights!

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