League lost 1937 elections due to image problem, which they worked on by working hard in the 1940s for Muslim rights. In the 1945 elections, Muslim League came up with a striking victory by winning all the 30 Muslim seats in the Central Legislative Assembly and 446 out of 495 Muslim seats in provinces. Even though it was under a Central Government ban, the Communist Party was able to bring out its weekly organ. Congress Rule of 1937 was tyrannical for Muslims. This attitude alarmed the Indian capitalist class which now felt the need to organize itself to press the provincial governments to hasten slowly on such matters. Reasons responsible for the failure of the All India Muslim League in the elections were as follows: One of the reasons for the poor performance of the league in the elections was its image as a political party of the upper-class Muslims. Congress Ministries did not know how to deal with situations where their own mass base was disaffected. setting up popular organs of authority in form of. Q: The RTC of 1930 achieved more than the RTCs of 1931 and 1932 Explain your answer. On the other hand, the Congress was much organized, well-structured, and widespread political party. [1] Its performance in Punjab, where it won just two of the seven seats it vied for, was unsuccessful. If British left, threat of invasion would finish. Cabinet Mission negotiated with parties, found that they had different aims, thus unsuccessful since bridge between two undividable and partition would be necessary. What problems did Lenin and the Bolsheviks face after the Revolution AND how did he deal with them? Kher became the first Chief Minister of Bombay. He, therefore, advised giving up of offices and starting preparations for another phase of Satyagraha. He wrote to Gandhiji on 28 April 1938: Congress ministeries are adapting themselves far too much to the old order and trying to justify it. Provincial elections held in British India in the winter of 1936-37, Visalakshi Menon. e.g. L3: >Khilafat movement, (early on together, ended with Hindu withdrawal), L4: >Hindu nationalistic groups activities, Congress refused Muslim demands of provincial autonomy even in Muslim majority areas, Simon Commission of 1927, opposed by BOTH, Suggested stronger center with limited provincial Autonomy, relations down since Muslims interested in provincial autonomy, Muslims shouldnt be given extra seats in the council. They could obviously not change the basically imperialist character of the administration; they could not introduce a radical era. Failures (Reasons for each RTCs failure), Q: The RTC of 1930 achieved nothing Do you agree? Congress support of Hindu as national language. Widdiya Mander scheme, Hindu temple as education centers, Hindu heroes were taught toMuslim Children~ Because of this, Day of Deliverance observed, hatred of Congress rule shown. 3. Munshi did not hesitate to use their respective state apparatuses in a politically repressive manner. Though the ban on the Communist Party remained, since it was imposed by the Central Government and could only be lifted on its orders, the Communists could in effect now function freely and openly in the Congress provinces. 
These elections were the first major elections to be contested by All India Muslim League yherefore the League didnot perform well in these elections. The Government of India Act 1935 increased the number of enfranchised people. The Congress Ministries could also not touch the existing administrative structure, whose sanctity was guarded by the Viceroys and Governors powers. Reasons for why it was so hated by the Indians and Muslims: Hindu made official language, Muslims could not read, write this, so unemployment, Band-e-Matram asked to expel Muslims and was nationalistic Indian song, became like national song. Gulf between two communities widened, 1931 Labor Party lost power, new coalition govt less likely to give reforms, Gandhi took a hardline and refused minority rights, Gandhi wanted Nehru Report in Constitution, Muslims wanted 14 points. [28][29] On 2 December 1939, Jinnah put out an appeal, calling for Indian Muslims to celebrate 22 December 1939 as a "Day of Deliverance" from Congress:[32]. Web1937 to October 1939. The Congress Governments removed impediments in the path of, Measures for the advancement of untouchables or. His standing thus improved. Right wingers like Vallabhbhai Patel, Bhulabhai Desai, C. Rajagopalacbari or Rajendra Prasad preferred constitutional politics to radical agitation, and also by the committed Gandhians who believed in constructive programme. Comment. Being poorly organized, it was unable to convey its message at the grassroots level to gain public support. Conference in 1945, the communal divide was much greater. But, in general, they were. They now had a stronger standing with their reputation enhanced by the civil disobedience movement under Gandhi's leadership. >The RTCs made him pessimistic about Hindu Muslim Unity. Muslim league lacked support at ground level as it was not so much popular at that time among locals even Muslims. The Congress Muslims achieved 6 percent of them. [citation needed] Mohammad Ali Jinnah had tried to set up a League Parliamentary Board in Sindh in 1936, but he failed, though 72% of the population was Muslim. They did not feel the stress or the pressure of the hindu domination and felt over confident We are sinking to the level of ordinary politicians Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. It is The provincial elections held in 1937 had great influence in the history of sub-continent but their success can be divided into two parts. 3 no efforts were made Muslims didnt participate in Swadeshi movement, Q: Was Partition of Bengal the most important event between 1906 and 1911 where HinduMuslim relationship was affected? In November 1938, the Governments passed the. The number of scholarships and freeships for Harijan students was increased. The interests of the. There were 1587 seats of Provincial Assemblies in the elections of 1937.Congress won 715 seats.Congress put its Muslim candidates in 58 Constituencies but only 26 were successful.492 seats were reserved for Muslims.the Muslim League could only won 108 seats.Muslim League could not perform better in Punjab as it was for the first The 1937 election was the first in which large masses of Indians were eligible to participate. He also defended the right of the Socialists and the Communists to preach and practise their politics in so far as they abided by Congress methods. Where is the magnetic force the greatest on a magnet. Elections for the Provincial level were over by early 1937. One of the great achievements of the Congress Governments was their. Failure of Muslim League in 1937 Election. Tried to amend the Nehru report resulted in a Parting of the Ways, Response to Nehru Report, DEADLOCK since Muslims = No Nehru Report, Congress = No 14 points, Nehru Reports Anti Muslim/Pro-Hindu countered, Jinnah knew British were going to introduce Reforms, so informed them of Muslim demands, Growth of Communalism in India and Hindu-Muslim riots. But, within the narrow limits of their powers, and the time available to them (their tenure lasted only two years and four months), they did try to introduce some reforms, take some ameliorative measures, and make some improvement in the condition of the people to give the people a glimpse of the future Swaraj. i) Simla Conference ii) Gandhi Jinnah talks iii) QIM. In 1941, when the Muslim League took back its support from the KPP, the Congress & Hindu Mahasabha formed a coalition with Huq. 
During this period, Hindus provoked Muslims' indignation. The Congress had won handsomely in most Provinces, and the Muslim League settled at three. But his angle of vision was very different from that of the Communists. the factional squabbles within the Congress Ministry and the Assembly party in the Central provinces which led to the resignation of Dr. N.B. Viceroy Linlithgow could only offer to form a 'consultative committee' for advisory functions. The Congress Governments also joined the effort to develop planning through the, It was a basic aspect of the Congress strategy that in the non-mass struggle phases of the national movement, mass political activity and popular mobilization were to continue, though within the four-walls of legality, in fact, it was a part of the office-acceptance strategy that. The Indian National Congress emerged in power in seven of the provinces, Bombay, Madras, the Central Provinces, the United Provinces, the North-West Frontier Province, Bihar, and Orissa. Opportunists, selfseekers and careerists, drawn by the lure of associating with a party in power, began to enter the ranks of the Congress at various levels. Congress wanted to nominate at least one Muslim member in executive council, rejected by >Jinnah since League wanted to be sole representation of Muslims in India. Suggested an All India Commission to decide outcome (Partition, or United India). Agricultural labourers were also not affected. Give reasons for your answer. Terms of Service | L3: G-J talks, Q: How successful was the Simla Conference of 1945? Furthermore, it was, in the main, statutory and occupancy tenants who benefited. The 1937 elections, which both the Congress and Muslim League wanted to contest, followed quickly at provincial level. Why Jinnah changed his stance from Hindu Muslim unity to Two Nation Theory. Muslim league at that time lacked strong leadership as their greatest leaders were not there to support them, such as Quaid e Azam (disheartened by Muslim's behaviour) and Allama Iqbal (who was seriously ill) 2. WebAns: The ML was successful in 1937 elections to some extent. Yet at the same time, in the Congress provinces like, But it is difficult to generalise about business attitudes, as some businessmen in the United Provinces and Madras still had their reservations about Congress, while the, On the peasant front, the rising militancy before the elections were harnessed by the Congress to win the race; but later it found it. Path of, Measures for the provincial level number of enfranchised people not the. Wanted to contest, followed quickly at provincial level, the Communist party was able to out... Had won handsomely in most Provinces, and widespread political party, and the Bolsheviks face the... 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