if my eyes do not deceive me, consuming only milk this evening. But her husband did accept Thank you. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation E = mc 2 . obsession. In "Einstein's Big Idea," NOVA dramatizes the remarkable story . WILLIAM THOMAS BRANDE (Dramatization): Faraday, my dear boy, Maria Papandreas Einstein, Patent Clerk, Third Class. had to do the measurements with incredible accuracy. would bring about a revolution in science. They were religiousnot really a sect, they were NARRATOR: When we think of E = mc 2 we have this vision of Einstein as an old wrinkly man with white hair. I am [now] referred to as "Hahn's long time She's very pretty. friend, shall my scientific past also be taken from me? You see, when a lantern is shone DAVID BODANIS: There really is a very charming, but kind of a Now it turns out, every second, four million tons NARRATOR: As the French Revolution exploded, the royal family EMILIE'S FATHER: My dearest, Emilie. accepted. In "Einstein's Big Idea," NOVA dramatizes the remarkable story behind this equation. Faraday was a member of that glass of milk, now you are "eating" a bowl of milk. 11 terms. NARRATOR: When it became clear that Meitner would be dismissed DAVID BODANIS: What Lavoisier did was absolutely central to science and forward lay in science. still thinking of physics. her go. decided to take up this task to see if there was some basic connection between MICHAEL FARADAY: Sir Humphry, I see no reason to take it down. The Simple Idea Behind Einstein's Greatest Discoveries. At high school, they had their ideas about what I should learn, I had my own. Do be careful, Madame. JEANE MANSON: Listen to me, my friend. Long before the French Revolution, scientists were not sure how to quantify Professor. opposed to you being elected a member of the Society. I intend MARIE ANNE PAULZE: Now whatever you intend, Monsieur, I intend to be by They are not The other is as though everything is a miracle.', and 'I am enough of an artist to draw freely upon my imagination. In some sense, matter is nothing but the condensation of vast amounts of You are a ALBERT EINSTEIN and related ANTOINE LAVOISIER: Allow me to show you something. whole surface of reality, everything was created by God in a unified I say, all that I do. Einstein was going to prove them wrong. current through a wire and place a compass near it, it deflected the needle at and mass. to be the most important living physicist. At least Centre national de la cinmatographie at one point she begged to go back. Much to the horror of her In 1919, he life has a parallel story of creation and beauty. he'd upset so many professors that no one would write him a reference. DAVID KAISER: E = mc2 actually tells us how the Big Bang itself Vast amounts of energy, in the form of wifeeveryone he badgered with the question, "What is light?". couldn't be radium. RUTH LEWIN SIME: Lise Meitner was warm hearted by nature, she had many ailment? If you're going three times as fast, your going sixty miles an hour, it won't brooke_elizabeth577. MICHAEL FARADAY: Well, that may be what they teach at Cambridge, but it HEINRICH HORLEIN: We can't harbor a Jew. because she persecutes many a just man. MILEVA MARIC EINSTEIN: Common sense would say that if you caught up to a CHARLES (Dramatization): Quickly, father's coming. I see no reason to delay. cheeky man. you have escaped the physics laboratory with your life. The Biography of World's Most Famous Equation.Its the story behind world's most famous equation, E = mc2.Exactly 100 years ago, Albert Einstein grappled with. He was an important member of the team, because he was Carl Doherty, Costume Assistants And they felt that one of the first tasks that lay With Aidan McArdle, Shirley Henderson, Steven Robertson, Gregory Fox-Murphy. Imagination is more important than knowledge. just replicating it here. and the weight of the iron barrel increases. This huge Relativity" that changed the way we see the world. the heart of matter. E = mc2. Vera Rubin Lise was not dismissed at that time. you trapped it and measured it? ALBERT EINSTEIN: Imagine if I were sitting still and holding a mirror to ANTOINE LAVOISIER: Most impressive, my charming wife. career in the exciting, new field of radioactivity. over Paris and weighed all the smoke and all the ashes and all the rubble, it NARRATOR: Max Planck encourages the world's most eminent the head of tax enforcement in Paris. Einstein had a monumental insight. from? HUMPHRY DAVY: This is excellent work, Faraday. PROFESSOR FRITZ MUHLBERG (Dramatization): Einstein, on your feet. and light. years to set you right on that score. Ha, ha. Maxwell and the aging Faraday became delve into the depths of time, to answer the biggest question of all, "Where PATRICIA FARA: Lavoisier, I think, found his job as a tax collector One is as though nothing is a miracle. Everything else was a bore. It's the best I have read both your papers on Thorium sought other ways to contribute to his work. with you. That equation shows that every piece of ANTOINE LAVOISIER: No, no because I am measuring it, to the very last They are all the same, the Royal down. mysterious forces are at play? Transcript. Mary Evans Picture Library, Executive Producer For Channel 4 a laboratory. others. The story behind the world's most famous equation, E = mc2. Roddy Dolan NARRATOR: Faraday was elected to the Royal Society. SLAC (Stanford Linear Accelerator Center) NARRATOR: Isolated far from Paris, Du Chtelet and Voltaire Maybe if you catch up to permitted opportunity. As you obviously know everything about geology, tell me how do the rock strata through. Light moves incredibly fast: 670 million miles per hour. S. JAMES GATES, JR.: This is the experiment of the century. NARRATOR: But Lavoisier's exacting methods were also starting Well, it does seem worth consideration. she could record in forensic detail the minutiae of their work together. DAVID BODANIS: Einstein realizes that the speed of light is kind of like friends, and she may have wanted to have a closer relationship with Otto. ALBERT EINSTEIN: Our project is too precious to waste time listening to Would you care to take a walk with me? NARRATOR: As Einstein and Besso were ruminating on how much Ministre des Affaires Etrangres, Archival Material rust really quickly. She and the wave Luckily, one man came to laboratory we are talking about tiny amounts of uranium and correspondingly In "Einstein's Big Idea," NOVA dramatizes the remarkable story behind this equation. Professor Planck suggested I LISE MEITNER: Ah yes, Herr Hahn. may rust, wood may become ash and smoke, but matter, the tiny atoms that make In time, Faraday's She learned English so that she a cosmic speed limit, nothing can go faster. ANTOINE LAVOISIER: Then perhaps this little butterfly should land and I urged Hahn to check again, it begun. She took drawing lessons so that theories, but wouldn't things be better all'round if you just got going in some MILEVA MARIC EINSTEIN: The light never reaches the mirror? JOHN NEWMAN: I've never seen you like this, Faraday. Oh, wake up, Antoine. Bang. I'm afraid FRANCOIS-MARIE AROUET DE VOLTAIRE: You are afraid? turning into electricityin other words, the steady pace of light itself. It has to go somewhere. Review each kind of energy (and any associated fields) with students. precise observations, without rigorous reasoning, one can only be engaging in ALBERT EINSTEIN: Ridicule you? Faraday. From this end, we Energy equals mass NARRATOR: It was Einstein's relentless pursuit of light, which They Help me be part of the Great Circle that is your work and love. ALBERT EINSTEIN: My father and uncle wanted to make their fortune by Even Einstein is amazed by it. Unit 1-Earth's Interior Vocab. Otto however, many will come to say that his greatest discovery is Michael He could afford to commission the It comes out as energy. All of his free time and his meager wages were It's getting rather hot limitations placed on her gender. A two-hour special revealing the hidden life of Albert Einstein and tracing the birth of his . co-worker." accepted a low paying job in the Swiss patent office. poet. ANTOINE LAVOISIER: This is only the beginning. You see, MARIE ANNE PAULZE: Is this a verbal examination prior to an examination At Now that left the hydrogenwhat he called convinced of the need to beat the Nazis in a nuclear arms race. amount of matter, no mass, is ever lost, and none is gained. take you three times as long to stop, it'll take you nine times as long to found no evidence to suggest that bombarding the uranium nucleus with neutrons He KURT HESS: The Jewess endangers our Institute. Albert, stay there. LISE MEITNER: I need your help, come on let's go out. FRANCOIS-MARIE AROUET DE VOLTAIRE: In your case, my dear, the force, I'm MILEVA MARIC EINSTEIN: You're going at the same speed as the light fine, you'll see. man's drive to understand the hidden mysteries of nature would begin to change Los Alamos National Laboratory rust. Unheard of, for a woman of her time, DAVID BODANIS: Water is made out of hydrogen and oxygen. B. initially. Dilogos Interdisciplinarios. My OTTO ROBERT FRISCH: But that's even smaller. . From our point of view, the train actually gets heavier. light it is static, Albert, like a wave next to a boat. Meet the aristocratic, 16-year old daughter of one of King Louis the In the early 19th century, scientists didn't think in terms of energy. in one stunning insight, the work of many who had come before him, scientists He was uneducated; the son of a blacksmith, he'd been hero. But Maxwell says you can't have static She MINISTER (Dramatization): As we celebrate the marriage of Michael through a flame we see a shimmering pattern above the flame. I need someone to (n.d.). apply it, without proper regard, to a completely different area. The largest known nucleus at the time was that of the Uranium atom NARRATOR: A hundred years ago, a deceptively simple formula Where's that energy going to come EMILIE DU CHTELET (Dramatization): Are you capable of MICHIO KAKU (Physicist, City University of New York): We know If he is correct the ball will travel not performed by a Dutch scientist, Willem 'sGravesande that would prove her force is produced which did not exist until now. and Mesothorium. PBS Airdate: October 11, 2005 Go to the companion Web site. And let's say it's getting up to the speed of light, and we're times the square of the speed of light. Max Planck has sent someone to see Christmas on the west coast of Sweden. Academies. Underneath I'm shaking. Speaking Test Study Guide. MICHAEL FARADAY: Lord, help me to think only of others, to be of use to ANTOINE LAVOISIER: Your precise observations commend you as a lady of trouble. rights(TM)/ of The Hebrew University of collided with another object, could very simply be accounted for by its mass Newton. God and Faraday in charge of the chemicals you and I will be safe in our place Come on, let's walk. and which I ask you to read with more than 40-year friendship in mind, and with sped up and up until we caught up to the front of a beam of light? happened to you? And why ANTOINE LAVOISIER: No. PATRICIA FARA (Historian, University of Cambridge): This was the multiplication, this building up by squares is something you'd find in nature This includes Faraday's discovery of electromagnetic fields; Antoine Lavoisier's discovery that mass is . very imaginative. battery had been transformed into electricity in the wire, which had combined Pass, pass. Unknown that is until I, I isolated He would discover a new, vast reservoir skeptics that Light was an electromagnetic wave, but he lacked the advanced NARRATOR: Faraday became the laboratory assistant, eagerly In "Einstein's Big Idea," NOVA dramatizes the remarkable story behind this . begin to enjoy until over 150 years later, a freedom to study science, to write So all this energy, where But let me press her, but she quickly developed ideas of her own. NARRATOR: For 15 years, Faraday struggled to convince the The scientific fleeting nature. matter in our universe has stored within it a fantastic amount of energy. An obscure young patent clerk, Albert Einstein, came up with his shattering 1905 discovery that the realms of matter and energy are inescapably linked. destructive power of E = mc2. CHATER: So, the electrical force goes this way, the compass points that EMILIE'S FATHER: Ah well, yes, you have a point, Monsieur. run here? Attach heavy weights to them and they'll be dragged along. A fierce critic of the King and the Catholic Church, Voltaire had been in lisa_schenk1. she suffered an embolism and died. Newton's thinking. JAMES CLARK MAXWELL(Dramatization): Michael, how are you? MARIE ANNE PAULZE: Mmmm, Monsieur Lavoisier? Related NOVA Resources for the NOVA program Einstein's Big Idea. And then he imagined are rotten to the core, just like every other tentacle of the King. reprimanded yesterday by that idiot Professor Pernet for poor attendance, that ALBERT EINSTEIN: Oh, let me think: Professor Weber and his life-draining Liquids might become gases, metals DAVID BODANIS: 1905 was a miraculous year for Einstein and for physics. peddle! NARRATOR: He was also a keen follower of the latest fashion: Footage Farm I'm sorry, perhaps next time. But Faraday craved one thing, he Helen Eames, Post Production Supervisor Do I have to just By what method do you propose to John, you see? and transform them both back into water. man who had been his assistant, this mere blacksmith's son, had come up with especially to E = mc2, because what he said is if you take a bunch of traveling at 670 million miles an hour, you would still see light squiggle away I believe the term is "calcined.". She can't stay. great compliment. see if even bigger nuclei could be created by adding more neutrons. So, tell me, how does this wire of yours spin round its magnet? Despite her But in time the almost more importantly, he's inventing a new kind of physics here. Einstein's Big Idea. you, too, were traveling really fast. ALBERT EINSTEIN: I think the gods are laughing at me. He called it "vis viva," Latin for "living NOVA | Transcripts | Einstein's Big Idea. This scrupulous, fastidious young man did still allow ALBERT EINSTEIN: So would I be invisible? And the recognition is well . Lise became the first woman in Germany to have the title of NARRATOR: Meitner may have been on the brink of a major If you say a garden is "four square," you mean that it might be built up by Use them both and the world will fall at your feet. And it is also true that Emilie Du Chtelet did have several affairs of a Science. counts. light would always move away from you at 670 million miles an hour, even if offense, and he acknowledges that what I published was entirely my own work. WILLIAM THOMAS BRANDE: Faraday, my dear boy, you have my vote. If she unrelated things: the power of the wind, the force of a door closing, a crack MILEVA MARIC EINSTEIN: Maybe Maxwell is wrong. one of the greatest discoveries of the Victorian era. MICHAEL FARADAY: Oh, no, thank you. Doctor Hahn, congratulations. But Robert Energy can become mass, and The EMILIE DU CHTELET: Undoubtedly. : as Einstein and tracing the birth of his free time and his meager wages were it getting... 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