The Catholic Multimedia Center reported that criminal groups harassed priests and other religious leaders in some parts of the country and subjected them to extortion, death threats, and intimidation. For example, manufacturers commonly hired workers on one- to three-month contracts and then waited a period of days before rehiring them on new short-term contracts to avoid paying severance and to prevent workers from accruing seniority. Through a nationwide assessment process, the National Search Commission (CNB) revised the governments official number of missing or disappeared persons repeatedly as additional data became available. Spousal rape is criminalized in 26 of the 32 states. Birth Registration: Children derive citizenship both by birth within the countrys territory and from their parents. Although 94 percent of Mexican households have television, a lack of affordable internet access left many children, especially those in low-income households or with disabilities, unable to fully participate in education. The deadline for unions to amend and register their statutes, originally set to expire in May 2020, was suspended due to COVID-19, reestablished in late 2020, and continued as of November. The law provides criminal penalties for corruption by officials, and the government took steps to increase its legal authority to pursue these crimes. The law establishes a requirement to observe parity in the designation of public officials at every level (federal, state, local) in all three branches of government. Efforts focused on implementation of the 2019 labor law reform that transformed the labor justice system. Quintana Roo state Exercise Increased Caution. At all levels, police reform has mostly stalled. According to civil society, libel and defamation proceedings tripled from 11 cases in 2019 to 33 cases in 2020. The National Human Rights Commission (CNDH) is responsible for independently investigating security force abuses, including killings, and can issue nonbinding recommendations for prosecution. 11 hijackings per day. In July a joint investigation by media outlets reported a leaked Pegasus list of more than 15,000 individuals as possible targets for surveillance in 2016 and 2017. From 2006 to 2020, at least 50,000 bodies passed through the custody of state and local forensic medical services without being properly identified. Criminal activity and violence may occur throughout the state. Labor inspections focused on the formal sector, leaving informal workers with no labor law protection. In August and September 2021, Mexico hosted negotiations between representatives from the Venezuelan government and opposition groups mediated by Norway. In 2019 legislators passed a constitutional reform recognizing Afro-Mexicans as an ethnic group. U.S. government employees must adhere to the following travel restrictions: There are no other restrictions on travel for U.S. government employees in Coahuila state. Six allow it for any reason up to 12 weeks of pregnancy. Authorities have publicly acknowledged the real number is likely higher. State governments reported investigating 12 suspected forced labor cases in 2020. U.S. DEPARTMENT of STATE BUREAU of CONSULAR AFFAIRS, U.S. Citizen Services: From Mexico 800-681-9374 or 55-8526-2561. In June the Federal Telecommunications Institute, an autonomous agency created to increase the transparency of media regulation, released internet neutrality guidelines for internet service providers. In June unknown assailants killed Javier Barajas Pina in the state of Guanajuato. Freedom of Association and the Right to Collective Bargaining, b. The reduction is not fundamentally due to improved security policies. And from theSembrando Vidaprogram to grow fruit trees to vocational programs for youth at-risk of succumbing to criminality, these Lpez Obrador administration programs have been riddled with problems. You can find like-minded travelers by staying at one of Guanajuato's top-rated hostels which may add an extra dimension to your trip. Security forces responded by killing four suspects and arresting 25. The law prohibits compulsory overtime. Some NGOs alleged individuals who organized campaigns to discredit human rights defenders at times acted with tacit support from government officials. Chiapas state Exercise Increased Caution. See state summaries and advisory levels below for information on your specific travel destination. Violent crime and gang activity are common. Under the Mrida Initiative, the U.S. often provided the crucial and only anti-corruption, anti-collusion oversight in Mexicos security strategiesand tactical operations as well as a stimulus and reinforcement to Mexicos will to take on criminal groups and the lack of rule of law. Google received more removal requests from government agents in 2020 than in any other year except 2014. He has promised to rescue Mexicos coal and oil industries and has introduced reforms that favor state-owned fossil-fuel power plants over renewable energy sources. While penalties for conviction of forced labor were commensurate with those for similar crimes, very few cases were successfully prosecuted. In 2019, Human Rights Watch documented cases of state-run hospitals and private individuals who shackled people with disabilities. The government continued its efforts to strengthen freedom of association protections, promote union democracy, and improve the ability of workers to bargain collectively. There are no restrictions on travel for U.S. government employees in Mexico State. The pension was 2,550 pesos ($125) every two months. In April 2021, pro-government legislators passed a law extending the terms of the Supreme Court Chief Justice and members of the Federal Judiciary Council, which controls hiring and firing of judges. In cases involving organized crime, the law allows authorities to hold suspects up to 96 hours before requiring them to seek judicial review. "This province . Nationwide the CNB reported the exhumation of the remains of at least 3,025 persons in 1,749 clandestine graves between December 1, 2018, and June 30. On August 8, self-proclaimed members of Cartel Jalisco New Generation released a video showing a group of armed men threatening to kill journalist Azucena Uresti for reporting on self-defense groups fighting the cartel in Michoacan. A variety of domestic and international human rights groups generally operated without government restriction, investigating and publishing their findings on human rights cases. Schools were closed in Mexico from March 2020 to August 2021, and classes were broadcast on television and radio. Maui, HI. In October 2020, Mexico was re-elected to the UN Human Rights Council. And it ruled that medical staffs right to conscientiously object to performing abortions is subject to limits. In July an arrangement was reached on a course of remediation, which included a new collective bargaining agreement legitimization vote under the supervision of the STPS, with observers from the National Electoral Institute and the International Labor Organization. San Luis Potosi state Exercise Increased Caution. Enrollment of children with disabilities decreased by 40 percent during the COVID-19 pandemic, according to Yo Tambien. On June 17, while journalist Gustavo Sanchez Cabrera was riding his motorcycle, two unidentified individuals in a car crashed into him, exited the car, and fatally shot him. Tweets disseminated their identities and their media outlets and also made veiled threats. When forces such as the Mexican Army (SEDENA) and Navy (SEMAR) or the National Guard, now numbering perhaps 100,000, are deployed, they are mostly sent to patrol the streets without active operations against local criminal groups. These crimes are rarely reported, investigated, or punished. Indigenous defendants who did not speak Spanish sometimes were unaware of the status of their cases and were convicted without fully understanding the documents they were instructed to sign. The reforms prevent the registration of collective bargaining agreements known as protection contracts, which nonrepresentative unions often negotiated and signed without the knowledge of workers and undermined genuine collective bargaining. And indeed, it doesnt respond. Twenty-four of 32 states have legalized same-sex marriage. According to the Mexican Statistical Agency (INEGI) in Mexico there were a total of 36,773 homicides in 2020, according to the SESNSP there were a total of 34,555 murders that same year. The Federal Center, however, estimated that only 10 to 15 percent of those collective bargaining agreements would undergo a legitimization vote because the worksite where the agreement was valid had closed, the work for which the agreement was negotiated had concluded, or the contract was a protection contract held by a nonrepresentative union. In August 2021, the government named a group of seven international forensic and legal experts to lead the Extraordinary Forensic Identification Mechanism, which will be tasked with identifying bodies recovered from mass graves. Of the 32 states, 29 stipulate similar penalties, although sentences were often more lenient. Some employers attempted to influence bargaining-rights elections through the illegal hiring of temporary or fake employees immediately prior to the election to vote for the company-controlled union. State-specific restrictions are included in the individual state advisories below. Instead of police reform, Lpez Obrador has intensified militarization of public life in Mexico not just in security, but also in the economic domain. Although Cancun is far from what I'd consider a completely safe city, it's far from overly dangerous. The Federal Center and the new federal labor courts are designed to handle all matters related to collective bargaining agreements, but until the Federal Center establishes its offices in all the states, labor disputes in states without a Federal Center presence are to be handled by the CABs. Authorities accused the suspects of smuggling 20 to 80 migrants per day through Baja California into the United States for more than a decade. Government officials were mostly cooperative and responsive, with the president and cabinet officials meeting with human rights organizations, such as OHCHR, IACHR, and CNDH. The Secretariat of National Defense and Secretariat of the Navy also play a role in domestic security, particularly in combating organized criminal groups. INEGI reported that 2 percent of the population (2.5 million) self-identified as Afro-Mexican. San Luis Potos, SLP.- San Luis Potos is the second most dangerous city in the country, according to the National Victimization Survey on Public Safety (Envipe) 2021, carried out by INEGI. By law a union may call for a strike or bargain collectively in accordance with its own statutes. The Federal Center took over registration functions nationwide on November 3 and was preparing to launch a national union registry to contain all files related to union registration and statutes, collective bargaining agreements, and union financial statements. Conditions in prisons and detention centers were often harsh and life threatening. Southern states reported the lowest access to skilled health care during pregnancy due to geographic, financial, and cultural barriers. Political Parties and Political Participation: For the electoral process, the National Electoral Institute (INE) established the Three Out of Three Against Violence initiative, which required candidates to declare any history of domestic violence, sexual offenses, or failure to pay alimony. From January through August 2021, Mexico received nearly 78,000 asylum applications but resolved just over 23,000. Yet, the 2022 outlook for both the rule of law and public safety in Mexico and meaningful U.S.-Mexico security cooperation remains bleak. Law enforcement actions to curb illegal deforestation drastically diminished in recent years. But the 2021 midterms showed to an unprecedented degree that the criminal groups are no longer satisfied to coopt elected officials. Members of the Mayan community in Campeche reported the National Tourism Board pressured them to cease protesting and agree to leave their lands. Freedom of expression advocacy groups reported the government, despite reductions in its advertising budgets, continued to have a strong financial impact and influence on the largest media companies. The elections were generally free and fair. According to civil society groups, migrants at some detention centers faced abuse when commingled with gang members and other criminals. Wage and Hour Laws: The tripartite National Minimum Wage Commission is responsible for establishing minimum salaries. The survey also reported that persons with darker skin completed 6.5 years of schooling, while those with white skin completed 10 years. Independent Monitoring: The government permitted independent monitoring of prison conditions by the International Committee of the Red Cross, CNDH, and state human rights commissions. Reforms to the Prosecutor Generals Office split the Office for Combating Violence Against Women and the Trafficking in Persons offices in an effort to elevate these issues by giving each its own special prosecutor general. As of October the accused were in a military prison awaiting trial. The law provides for the freedoms of peaceful assembly and association, and the government generally respected these rights, with some exceptions. This mass displacement elevated the groups risk of malnutrition and health maladies. Since 2013, the number of applications received has nearly doubled every year. As a result the new Chamber of Deputies had 37 indigenous deputies, six Afro-Mexican deputies, four LGBTQI+ deputies (including two transgender deputies), and eight deputies with disabilities. Read the full report. Use toll roads when possible and avoid driving alone or at night. Violent crime and gang activity occur with increasing frequency in Veracruz, particularly in the center and south near Cordoba and Coatzacoalcos. And in December, the newU.S.-Mexico Bicentennial Framework for Security, Public Health, and Safe Communitieswent into effect, replacing the Mrida Initiative that Lpez Obrador intensely disliked while his administrationseverely minimizedU.S.-Mexico security cooperation. The law provides for eight paid public holidays and one week of paid annual leave after completing one year of work. There are no restrictions on travel for U.S. government employees in Mexico City. Be extra vigilant when visiting banks or ATMs. Violence by organized criminal groups often prompted the incidents, which took place in 10 states and displaced 11,560 persons as of August. Some companies reportedly did not implement effective protective measures for employees, and one factory, owned by Eaton Corporation in Baja California, was operating illegally and was closed after it placed chains on its doors to prevent 800 workers from leaving. With a judges consent, children may marry at younger ages. In July 2020 authorities extradited Lozoya, former director of PEMEX, the state-owned petroleum company, from Spain. Transnational criminal organizations compete in the border area to establish narco-trafficking and human smuggling routes. The Lpez Obrador administration has actively participated in abusive US immigration policies. Areas of violent contestation, such as Zacatecas or San Luis Potos, can become almost anarchical with violence. Mexico Ends Warning System For Covid And Will Treat Virus As Endemic. According to the victims mother, police detained and interrogated him without reasonable suspicion or probable cause. On March 11, an anticorruption and antinepotism constitutional reform granted the Federal Judiciary Council the administrative organ of the federal court system more oversight over district and appeals courts and limited hiring authorities of individual judges. Tlaxcala state Exercise Increased Caution. Censorship or Content Restrictions: Human rights groups reported that some state and local governments censored media. There are no restrictions on travel for U.S. government employees in Quintana Roo state, which include tourist areas in:Cancun,Cozumel, Isla Mujeres,Playa del Carmen,Tulum, andtheRiviera Maya. Abuses of time limits on pretrial detention were endemic in state judicial systems. Child Abuse: There were numerous reports of child abuse. Forced labor persisted in the domestic service and in child-care, manufacturing, mining, food-processing, construction, tourism, begging, street-vending, leather-goods-production, and agriculture sectors, especially in the production of chili peppers and tomatoes. Between January and June, state authorities opened 10,458 new rape investigations. As a result, Mexico has one of the lowest rates of Covid-19 testingand highest rates of positive test resultsin the world. The National Commission to Prevent and Eradicate Violence against Women is responsible for leading government programs to combat domestic violence. In the first six months of the year, Article 19 registered 362 attacks against journalists and accused public officials of committing 134 of them. FENTANYL / 15 FEB 2023 . What we know: - The suburb of Iztapalapa is the most densely populated area of Mexico City. The states with the most teenage pregnancies were Chiapas, Coahuila, and Guerrero, and Tabasco. The minimum age for hazardous work is 18, including all work in the agricultural sector. Before a strike may take place, a union must file a notice to strike with the appropriate CAB, or the appropriate labor court once they are operational. By law the government collected biometric data from migrants. Now they seek to influence with violence and money who can run and win to begin with. Reports indicated that women suffered disproportionately from pretrial detention. Media monopolies, especially in small markets, at times constrained freedom of expression. In July 2020 the Supreme Court agreed to analyze the case but as of August 23 had not issued a ruling. The investigation continued as of August 30. In September, the Supreme Court made three rulings that set important precedents for reproductive rights. Federal law prohibits domestic violence and stipulates penalties for conviction of between six months and four years imprisonment. In July the Mexico City Prosecutor Generals Office issued the fourth arrest warrant for Roemer. In the face of uninvestigated violence, many journalists self-censor. For example, Felipe Orozco, hospitalized multiple times for mental disabilities, reported that mental health professionals from a psychiatric hospital in Puebla shackled him naked with a padlock during the nights for two and one-half weeks. Human rights and environmental activists, many from indigenous communities, continued to be targets of violence. International Child Abductions: The country is party to the 1980 Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction. The previous platform lacked interconnectivity between states and failed to connect family members effectively to the remains of their missing relatives. Jewish community representatives reported good cooperation with the government and other religious and civil society organizations in addressing rare instances of such acts. Despite these prohibitions, there were reports of security forces torturing suspects. Following the introduction of the accusatorial justice system, however, there was a significant reduction in the number of persons detained in this manner, falling from more than 1,900 in 2011 to 21 in 2018. Travelers should maintain a high level of situational awareness, avoid areas where illicit activities occur, and promptly depart from potentially dangerous situations. On May 1, the role of verifying the process for unions to organize a secret ballot vote for workers to approve or reject existing collective bargaining agreements within the four-year period established by the reforms (legitimization process) transitioned from the STPS to the Federal Center. In one such program I encountered in Michoacn, for example, teenagers were paid by the government to receive training as hairdressers while the hairdressers were paid for the teaching. Several outbreaks of COVID-19 resulted in multiple deaths. It failed to provide police protection or access to justice, work, health care, and education for the over 71,000 asylum seekers, including many families with children, sent to Mexico under the Remain in Mexico policy. As part of that process, the Federal Center published a new legitimization protocol to include a mechanism that allows for submission of complaints regarding alleged irregularities that may happen prior to, during, and after the vote. Libel/Slander Laws: There are no federal criminal laws against defamation, libel, or slander; however, eight states have criminal laws on these acts. The top destination was Cancn and the Mayan Riviera, which received 2.4 million people, according to Mexico's tourism office. There are no restrictions on travel for U.S. government employees in Veracruz state. That means the homicide crime rate was 29 per 100,000 in 2020. Instead of using force and judicial prosecution, Lpez Obrador seeks to reduce crime in Mexico throughsocio-economic anti-crime programs, part of his overall vastly popular redistribution strategy for Mexicos many poor and marginalized. The government, in conjunction with international organizations, made efforts to promote the safe, voluntary return, resettlement, or local integration of IDPs. The government deployed hundreds of security forces to contain the caravan. For example, journalists in Nogales, Sonora, said they were aware of unspoken red lines in covering organized crime and that crossing lines, such as mentioning the name of an alleged assailant, could result in personal harm. U.S. government employees may not travel to other parts of Tamaulipas state. The National Migration Institute, under the authority of the Interior Secretariat, is responsible for enforcing migration law. The government continued to pursue the extradition of Tomas Zeron from Israel. Defendants have the right to a presumption of innocence and to a fair and public trial without undue delay. Country Summary: Violent crime such as homicide, kidnapping, carjacking, and robbery is widespread and common in Mexico. The situation of agricultural workers remained particularly precarious, with similar patterns of exploitation throughout the sector. The president has collaborated with the US in abusive anti-immigration policies, including illegal expulsion of migrants and asylum seekers by plane and bus to Central America. Of the 32 states, 24 criminalize sexual harassment, and all states have provisions for punishment when the perpetrator is in a position of power. U.S. citizens and LPRs have been victims of kidnapping. He was a member of a search collective and the state search commission. The National Population Council estimated that in 2020 and 2021, a total of 1,172,000 women had limited access to contraceptives due to COVID-19. Veracruz state Exercise Increased Caution. . Stress in America 2022: Concerned for the Future, Beset by Inflation, shows a battered American psyche, facing a barrage of external stressors that are mostly out of personal control. Outsourcing practices made it difficult for workers to identify their legally registered employer, thus limiting their ability to seek redress of labor grievances. Flores received temporary protection from the Interior Secretariat protection mechanism. Sandoval remained in pretrial detention as of August. From 2006 to 2021, authorities reported having found at least 4,000 mass graves. On August 3, Ravelo died from his injuries. In July 2020 legislators approved a law making all judicial sentences public. The Jalisco government disarmed the municipal police force of Ixtlahuacan and turned over public security duties to the National Guard and the Jalisco Secretariat for Public Security. Global AIDS Coordinator and Global Health Diplomacy, Special Presidential Envoy for Hostage Affairs, Special Representative for Syria Engagement, U.S. Security Coordinator for Israel and the Palestinian Authority, Office of the U.S. U.S. citizens and LPRs have been victims of kidnapping. According to the NGO, institutional staff in Baja California reported that four children with disabilities died within days of each other with no known investigations. Subcontracting is allowed if it is used to perform specialized services unrelated to the main economic activity of businesses or public institutions. The STPS has the authority to order labor inspections at any time in the event of labor law violations, imminent risk to employees, or workplace accidents. In January 2020 the government raised the minimum wage. 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