what is the tectonic setting of mt alayta

In this case, the convergent boundaries most likely helped form Mount Alayta. Sometimes an entire ocean closes as tectonic plates converge, causing blocks of thick continental crust to collide. Other NPS sites farther west in the Brooks Range include Cape Krusenstern National Monument, Kobuk Valley National Park, and Noatak National Preserve. The Indian plate then broke off from Australia and Antarctica in the Early Cretaceous (130-125Ma) with the opening of the "South Indian Ocean" (Fig. The first eruption took place in June and didn't stop until August 4th. St. Helens CHOICES: Continental-Oceanic Convergence Continental-Continental Convergence Oceanic-Oceanic Convergence Divergence Alayta's VEI (Volcanic Explositivity Index) is 2 and is recognized for its regional fissure eruption, lava flow, and damage on land and property. Continents collide but continue to converge. It has stayed quiet every since its last activity. The rock in the foreground is 550 million-year-old sandstone of the Chilhowee Formation, now metamorphosed to quartzite. The eastern edge of ancient North America developed into a passive continental margin, similar to the modern East Coast. Alayta Aniakchack Width (km) 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 Descabeza Mt. Mount Alayta is an active shield volcano in the Afar Region of Ethiopia. All of the diamond deposits on Earth are assumed to have formed in this way; an example is the rich Ekati Mine in the Northwest Territories (Figure 4.22). These rocks are part of the continental margin of ancient North America that was uplifted as part of the Blue Ridge Province during the last phases of continental collision that formed the Appalachian Mountains. The Indian continent became part of East Gondwana, together with Australia and Antarctica. From east to west the Himalayas are divided into 3 regions, Eastern Himalaya, Central Himalaya, and Western Himalaya, which collectively house several nations and states. Mount Alatya is a 1,496 metres (4,908 ft) shield volcano ilknjbkn Ethiopia. The deep metamorphic rocks were brought back to the surface via two tectonic processes: thrust faulting and isostatic rebound. Geological Maps of Afar: 1, Northern Afar (1971); 2, Central and Southern Afar (1975). 1. Small (10s to 100s of m) and steep (>20) a. While the Hawaii mantle plume has produced a relatively low volume of magma for a very long time (~85 Ma), other mantle plumes are less consistent, and some generate massive volumes of magma over relatively short time periods. [3], This volcano is known for two historical eruptions, one in 1907 and one in 1915. Modified from Parks and Plates: The Geology of our National Parks, Monuments and Seashores, by Robert J. Lillie, New York, W. W. Norton and Company, 298 pp., 2005, www.amazon.com/dp/0134905172. What does tectonic setting mean? Contact the owner / RSS feed / This workspace is public, Drive, Dropbox, OneDrive, Gmail, and Slack. Although most of the metasediments forming the HHCS are of late Proterozoic to early Cambrian age, much younger metasediments can also be found in several areas, e.g. As already noted, felsic magma doesnt flow easily and doesnt allow gases to escape easily. Patrick Pringle, a volcanologist with the Washington State Department of Natural Resources, describes Mt. After 300 million years the mountains have eroded deeply and are covered in places by young sediments of the Atlantic and Gulf coastal plains. Several nappes, termed the "North Himalayan Nappes",[17] have also been described within this unit. The area of southwest Texas where the Rio Grande River takes a sharp turn to the north displays the effects of three superimposed tectonic episodes. Mt. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. Very small-scale maps (such as world maps) are not included. The resulting continental rift zone was much like todays Basin and Range Province, with long mountain ranges separated by down-dropped valleys. Mount Pinatubo is a composite volcano in the Philippines. Mount Alayta in Ethiopia, Africa is a massive shield volcano. In essence, plate-tectonic theory is elegantly simple. The Blue Ridge Province is part of North Americas ancient continental margin, while the Valley and Ridge Province contains sedimentary layers of North America that were folded and faulted during the collision. Produced under a Cooperative Agreement for earth science education between the National Park Service's Geologic Resources Division and the American Geosciences Institute. Iapetus Ocean Opens. St. Helens, Hood, and Lassen Peak. Prior to 1980, Mt St Helens was a classical cone-shaped volcano, and a well-visited site on the tourist trail. The volcanic edifice is an elongated, flat cone of about 1650 m height. . The second process (isostasy) results in the wholesale uplift of a broad region as the crust thickens. If you are citizen of an European Union member nation, you may not use this service unless you are at least 16 years old. Stratigraphic analysis of these sediments yields important indications on the geological history of the northern continental margin of the Indian sub-continent from its Gondwanian evolution to its continental collision with Eurasia. At least 40 explosive eruptions have been documented during the past 10,000 years, making it the most active volcano of the . After damaging some infrastructure west of Pahoa, the flow stopped advancing. Describe the likely tectonic setting of the volcanoes in the Japanese region. Want to create or adapt OER like this? Baker, Rainier, Mt. In its prime, about 100 million years ago, the Brooks Range probably had mountains as high as the Alps of Europe. Mount Rainier is an active volcano of the Cascade Range in Washington State, 50-70 km (30-44 mi) southeast of the Seattle-Tacoma metropolitan area. Mount Alayta in Ethiopia, Africa is a massive shield volcano. See answer (1) Copy. 50 km/h for 2.0 min, turn 90 degree to the right, 20 km/h, But as the weight of the high mountains is reduced by erosion, the thick, buoyant crust bobs back upward (rebounds), creating topography not quite as high as it was before. CNR-CNRS Afar Team, 1973. Cinder cones are much smaller. Support your answer with observations on the major tectonic landforms of the region. Modified from Earth: Portrait of a Planet, by S. Marshak, 2001, W. W. Norton & Comp., New York. Tectonic Setting. The Himalaya-Tibet region supplies fresh water for more than one-fifth of the world population, and accounts for a quarter of the global sedimentary budget. Table 4.1 A summary of the important types of volcanism. It is sponsored by the, The IAVCEI Commission on Volcanic Hazards and Risk has a, Middle InfraRed Observation of Volcanic Activity (. If you are citizen of an European Union member nation, you may not use this service unless you are at least 16 years old. The U.S. Geological Survey Hawaii Volcano Observatory (HVO) map shown here, dated January 29, 2015, shows the outline of lava that started flowing northeast from Puu Oo on June 27, 2004 (the June 27th Lava flow, a.k.a. St. Helens, there is evidence of a magma chamber that is approximately 1 km wide and extends from about 6 km to 14 km below the surface (Figure 4.12). In the case of divergent plate boundaries, where plates are spreading away from each other, the rate of plate movement plays an important role in determining the type of volcano that forms and the rate of eruptive activity. [5] North of this lies the transhimalaya in Tibet which is outside the Himalayas. The Hawaiian volcanoes are riddled with thousands of old lava tubes, some as long as 50 km. The resulting blobs of lava are known as pillows, and they tend to form piles around a sea-floor lava vent (Figure 4.21). If the subducting Juan de Fuca Plate descends 40 km for every 100 km that it moves inland, what is its likely depth in the area where volcanoes are forming? Fragments of the collision zone mountains were left on three continents: the Appalachians in North America, the Atlas in Africa, and the Caledonides in Europe. Pahoehoe, ropy lava that forms as non-viscous lava, flows gently, forming a skin that gels and then wrinkles because of ongoing flow of the lava below the surface (Figure 4.19b, and lava flow video). See ongoing geologic studies section below. a. Lin, G, Amelung, F, Lavallee, Y, and Okubo, P, 2014, Seismic evidence for a crustal magma reservoir beneath the upper east rift zone of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii. It is commonly separated into four zones. Support your answer with observations on the major tectonic landforms of the region. The Appalachian Mountains formed during a collision of continents 500 to 300 million years ago. Being a moderate volcano on the VEI and ejecta volume correlation, it shows no record of deaths or mass injuries. This answer is: (5 pts) 6. the East Rift Lava Flow). number that is at the bottom far right of the screen. A new outbreak occurred November 1, branching out to the north from the main flow about 6 km southwest of Pahoa. Plate Tectonics and Our National Parks (2020), Text and Illustrations by Robert J. Lillie, Emeritus Professor of Geosciences, Oregon State University [E-mail]. The long mountain ranges and rift valleys were similar to those forming today in East Africa and the Basin and Range Province. Media related to Alayta volcano at Wikimedia Commons; This page was last changed on 13 January 2023, at 20:39. . Features are organized into four major categories: Cones, Craters, Domes, and Thermal Features. The last eruption was in 1915. Alayta, Ethiopia (12.887, 40.573). Mt. What is the average rate of advance of the flow front from June 27 to October 29, 2014, in m/day and m/hour? Everest Chomolangma), among the highest erosion rates at 212mm/yr,[4] the source of some of the greatest rivers and the highest concentration of glaciers outside of the polar regions. It is part of the border line between the African Tectonic Plate and the Arabian Tectonic Plate.It has a latitude of 12.88 degress north and a longitude of 40.57 . The final events in the Appalachian story have been occurring over the past 250 million years, as Pangea ripped apart, the Atlantic Ocean opened, and the Appalachian Mountains have been wearing down by erosion. The Chesapeake and Ohio (C and O) Canal National Historical Park runs for 185 miles (298 kilometers) from Cumberland, Maryland to Washington DC. Modified from Parks and Plates: The Geology of our National Parks, Monuments and Seashores, by Robert J. Lillie, New York, W. W. Norton and Company, 298 pp., 2005, www.amazon.com/dp/0134905172. Himalaya has Indo-Gangetic Plain in south, Pamir Mountains in west in Central Asia, and Hengduan Mountains in east on ChinaMyanmar border. how can you describe the formation of the Hawaiian Islands as volcanoes in terms of tectonic plates? In 1915, Mount Alayta exploded at the same VEI level of 2. It is part of the Afar Triangle ( Afar Depression ), a highly active volcanic region which includes the adjacent Mount Afdera. Aa, or blocky lava, forms when magma is forced to flow faster than it is able to (down a slope for example) (Figure 4.19c). The northernmost part of Big Bend National Park, around Persimmon Gap, lies in the Marathon Mountains and includes rocks and structures similar to those found in the Ouachitas. It is part of the border line between the African Tectonic Plate and the Arabian Tectonic Plate.It has a latitude of 12.88 degress north and a longitude of 40.57 degrees east. A fumarole is an opening in the Earth's crust that releases steam and gases. Which volcano(es) in the Cascade range pose the biggest threat to civilization? [4], This is a picture of what a overlook of the Alayta, Volcano might look like. In 1915, Mount Alayta exploded at the same VEI level of 2. (5 pts), Now navigate to Volcan Descabezado Chico (-35.58, -70.75), it is best to stay in 3D mode, go directly there by typing in the coordinates in the search bar at the upper left side of the screen, make, sure to put in the negative signs or you will be at the wrong location). [1] It is located in the Afar Region or Triangle, which is a high in volcanic activity. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. Copy. 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