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`<5%qeMW(`*$;)76#tdMdai//. In fact, the question of inserting the recognition of Quebec as a distinct society or nation has emerged in past mega-constitutional negotiations, most predominately the failed Meech Lake and Charlottetown Accords of the 1980s and 1990s. Constitution 
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X46b_X7^fe%is=?bSbV,.W%kG'?@WX"PT^'9@UPQ. The new Constitution was not endorsed by the government of Qubec. . '5*H
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1H=c[S%'.%J@H7&!"^Dsb"?C/rA"6dn;'A?et2-.6Etpo. A process that had begun as a pledge to Qubec of meaningful constitutional renewal had been concluded without its consent. :Z8QD6]r`fY5S_N7u0`/f7]Bne+qEig))7f7S2P]Q,bqQ
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qHngo"Y>[&?bQ4X_Gl?K<9Qpo,te&%A"U^m!i:nDTCu. It seemed the next step would be a referendum on the federal proposal. :#qN$X
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QP44J`kU57ifVbc_(FW[!j_. Canada has made it clear that the term Indigenous covers the legal definitions of Aboriginal and Indian for most constitutional purposes. NUQ^XO/r$gJ$FJ`=a>LNPCF+a(bkrqAqu+g;`Z]^F3&%APMQjK$a&.9g1;!SA*e>A
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]kqr[/t)6)Zba+=oQL5=FW(cpa3VTDD8hJV8+TB#+,DC/&3ed+K%NK\d\rFJg)D7XdO/UB:iBKo? After all, Canadians today reside in a nation in which the ruling government do whatever they choose. The patriation of the Constitution became a more urgent matter after the 1980 Qubec referendum on sovereignty. Bill 101 required English-speaking Canadian parents educated outside Quebec to send their children to French schools if they moved to Quebec. 59.9% vote no to separation. Constitutional recognition of Quebecs unique status was a core component of those packages, and one of the most controversial. @#\g[
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D`\:cnOUYsOK2&a80FdZ:\q8D=7%5ud)("ZNP#Pj%7Z.nkA/+YqR+^aC=.7CtC:eJ[Bf2. @Ht!UDm*3m8?<1>#!DU1+-CX*kT(GZ;THhe!+0Rc&%#4V\aFO/h>6G%. Some have said that they were too caught up in negotiations to worry much about contacting Qubec, but that it was discussed. Morin admitted that he would have opposed the deal as it was drafted, but at least they would have been consulted. ;0UJ'XVMHjRP
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0+o<7!'eVg;LF8gIC?Pq=Bn*5]B"Q:?*cR04ol? Quebec is protected from the Great Reset agenda of democratic dilution for the rest of the provinces. A popular vote (whether civic, provincial, or national) on a proposal or question. See also: Aboriginal, which is found in the Constitution. ;;0[O:?f&0CnRi!rOS3"%7Z4/
\Usp582:=l^^2KS3j&m32\XF6kUCq1[=`R="MiH-mZNmH>gTVLLEjKi9$A)Br? It transferred the countrys highest law, the British North America Act (which was renamed the Constitution Act, 1867), from the authority of the British Parliament to Canadas federal and provincial legislatures. '*],U*5"\XkS#R!1uIR8
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G7?Fi?R8`NcPj.%))E5AI;AO.[,P6:l. Pierre Trudeau at the 1980 Constitutional Conference. "Yo_f8mXM?lbZ8$
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h%V>gc;ITUD.WC&VS6dkbd;m+R4+nKXX&'4K>H(A0t#&UfP4Ie,4Gb+. Quebec cannot unilaterally insert a broad provision that might run up against existing language guarantees. They run afoul of the Constitutions amending formula and are thus ultra vires (beyond the authority of) the Quebec National Assembly. Indeed, in the eventual While Lvesque was free politically to reject the agreement, especially given the way in which it was finally negotiated, Trudeau was compelled to accept. In 1982, Canada fully broke from its colonial past and patriated its Constitution. :/VCH6B'D$7^(6+/O'FeG`G:
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#m.,.cl7Uf0q]M^UdUW(:rnj1:9hqJ?3bs:Pc"`^@(5&d87D!V8fbPW;PWa5i0'F? referendum It includes a means of amending the Constitution in Canada. It further empowers Quebec autonomy while damaging the interests of Western Canada. , and fear that he would scuttle a deal. ;^^"nEG>gg(#k-oO$Wr!c22$Q#(k@LIfD?6]!$P#-LRQooV4Z7BfAO7;
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HHt(A6')drQ8^L5\)NR5? After decades of effort, patriation was completed with the 1982 passage of the Canada Act in Britain and the Constitution Act in Canada. @^0R/[/$WmCGg
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,GLq,[email protected]#mX;GtCVZfd/6. It includes a means of amending the Constitution in Canada. Public-service news delivered to your inbox. (It is a reference to a notorious 1934 incident during the rise of the Nazi Party in Germany.) ;$Lf3a[fP)DN;V61ID)Pdp@(+[ERAcnOeTJb]X9
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9JWCI4og!7P$Q=FG__R?flc"r^13e_2g2^.eX`@N7. "-Ren Lvesque, They will have to stop. ;$e[UM.%4Cp#R\2;.K=kV^Y_GK3cFdQ%`,E]>m[g=An&i8FDas-jLF.8mVpR
'!S3I:f@/2OnYZJCD)ep5*$"! :egL8lUH(4OR-C^e%1e,pb$bG!ScAMNo/R8m%IAnt`,E:\bW$[6,.b`SAD+V%Q0_
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qPDe"1G\sKPj_bX@uFUNW/a16Q!9Wn(rqLp0k>e9_p2=fC$U_[]! Quebec made a series of proposals that, if accepted, would have led to its formal endorsement of the Constitution. ;$e[UM.%4Cp#R\2;.K=kV^Y_GK3cFdQ%`,E]>m[g=An&i8FDas-jLF.8mVpR
'!S3I:f@/2OnYZJCD)ep5*$"! "7$c2>M3`_%e^**lL*g8LYkjoNSJYFHCipTU&WrZ6HMX
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QP44J`kU57ifVbc_(FW[!j_. patriation Pierre Trudeau and others proposed several different possible national referenda to resolve constitutional issues. A logical question follows: who was responsible for stirring up this constitutional dust in the first place? Quebec was the only province not to sign on to Canada's Constitution in 1982 after a passionate and divisive debate. "m!1>R/pVW&nO/kCTM[9Y&]VN5="ui'o0lFK>j@k9WaoIu/Bhh6[YE:Tm$>!Z
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fZRt>@t@oBA0`]cjAJnE']_-XI7#2fNqp%]V(S6r6QlokH[mR?`(nLmL:_! The others were at the Chteau Laurier in Ottawa. )cA9)?Hq;X_"Dd5u,dTKWsbFVGcP0@2Nl';pUmQ
;UqL*co(0>,!?Y)6(JshC62`5ete?k\e.:o6*W*i,heYZ(d5UhAGf>(3! The Quebec government took its case to the courts, but the Quebec Court of Appeal, on April 7, 1982, held that Quebec did not possess a veto over constitutional change, even if it affected provincial jurisdiction. ]p%MufV5Il^/(U0Sc::^CT%V]'ooau_&D0ki7[140EP+e.fQdUQV)SQ(1\
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8n&)Sn3p$XBc>GbiPa&\')? Robert Normand, Qubec Deputy Minister of Intergovernmental Affairs, later said that while plenty of Qubecers had faith in Trudeau and Chrtien, even many federalists were angry afterwards when they discovered that Mr. !OOnIT!ug^P
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,VF53L8ZOj2bAip.O5VnPOSo%>),We"B;gm8_#)h%t>)2+[? The following illustrates the story: Theamending formula is the set of conditions required to make changes to the Constitution. *eD(3Q#gM8+]UQ'8Is,>(QI%
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[Yg&B+DY,N6(d]pS5QBa'>uNYqse$IMeROl9>k\<7/g1#Z(,el7]V3PNf?.N? While pleasant in theory, CAP remain skeptical. This article first appeared on Policy Options and is republished here under a Creative Commons license. &!9A+VRF=#K1Tibp:/_^ZI'TgFQFstLf,H)Q+Xm*afsIkD9au(IZggW! !TD+7CGdP8>Y-dPM]G7sIU"47JVQ
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8DBHhm1)6u"-lfZop]H["&>uf.9`4EATcogYFY)CfFNBS']]:TNr+OD;. For this reason, Ottawa is sometimes used as a synonym for the federal government, as in a phrase such as, Ottawa refused any further negotiations., Chantal Hbert, Canadian journalist and political commentator, Trudeau and Lvesque, 1980 Constitution Conference, 02_road_to_patriation_levesque__01_11_53_27_NFB.jpg. :?H7,q9=QOX2X`T#iEu5rrbDQM3eCV9*^%KX=X;psa8CMHUu)+!_Q&>PFtg
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