Suppose the debtor states that their privately held corporation has not issued stock, or that the debtor has misplaced the stock certificates. A creditor can collect a judgment any time during the 20 years after its issuance. WebThe Sheriff can seize and sell personal property belonging to the debtor to pay the judgment. Say that state exemptions allow you to keep $4,000 of equity in a motor vehicle. With enough time and money, an aggressive and skilled collection attorney can attack at least some assets of any judgment debtor. Copyright 2023 MH Sub I, LLC dba Nolo Self-help services may not be permitted in all states. Blake Harris Law works with clients nationwide to create robust asset protection plans. fraud (where you improperly dispose of property, so there's less left for your creditorsfor example, by paying one creditor more than that creditor is owed). Get regular updates from our blog, where we discuss asset protection techniques and answer common questions. Personal property includes personal belongings such as vehicles, furniture or appliances. The exceptions to this rule are: A creditor with a judgment against you can go after any assets coming your way once your right to them is firm. Chapter 55 of the Florida statutes governs writs of execution in Florida. All Rights Reserved. The debtor is required to supply documents requested which are in the debtors custody or control. The Florida homestead exemption does not apply to personal property inside the homestead. A lien is a property right that secures a creditors right to payment. For example, wages payable to a head of household are exempt without limitation from continuing wage garnishments. For example, clothing, basic household furnishings, your house, and your car are commonly exempt if they're not worth too much. Execution and levy are used to seize real estate, stock in corporations, and the debtors personal property. The attorney questioning you will very likely discover these assets. Bank accounts, real estate, vehicles, boats, jewelry and just about anything of value could be seized by your creditors or an injured party if they win a lawsuit against you. WebJudgment creditors can only seize property you own. 
The U.S. governments post-judgment collection tools are comparable to state law collection remedies and include judgment liens on real property, garnishment of accounts and debts, and levy on personal property. The same property search can identify whether the debtor holds any mortgages on someone elses real estate to secure a promissory note payable to the debtor. A single mistake could put your lifes work and legacy at risk. 
Another consideration is whether transferring the property left the debtor in a situation bordering on insolvency, making it less likely to be able to satisfy debts. Bankruptcy is another option to clear the debt judgment. A judgment creditor can seize all non-exempt personal property inside your home. For example, money payable by a company to a debtor working as an independent contractor, or rents owed to a landlord, are not subject to continuing writs. The creditor can execute against the debtors property in possession of a third party. The creditor can enforce the domesticated Florida judgment for up to twenty years. That means a judgment creditor cant seize or sell your home if its fully covered by the homestead exemption available to you. Is It Possible to Buy a House if I Have a Debt Judgment? The judgment debtors examination proceeds under oath, so lying or hiding assets could result in paying a heavy fine or serving jail time. Real property: land and buildings owned by the debtor. To collect a judgment in Florida, creditors can use any of the many legal tools provided by the states debt collection laws. Under Florida law, e-mail addresses are public records. They can also include future assets a debtor expects to receive such as commissions, insurance payouts, and royalties. 407 (a).) WebThis may include the seizure of personal property and real property. The creditor may not challenge your claim. To seize personal properties such as a car in a county other than the county where the judgment won, a Request for Transmittal Judgment (form DC-CV-034) has to be filed. Only debts owed to the debtor at the time the writ is served are frozen and subject to garnishment. Debt collection laws provide legal tools by which a judgment creditor finds and takes the debtors property to satisfy a money judgment. Effectiveasset protection planningrequires understanding the tools judgment creditors may use to discover and take non-exempt assets. In Florida, the sheriffs department levies the property. The creditor can execute against the debtors property in possession of a third party. The judgment creditors lien loses priority against other creditors after 10 years, but the creditor retains a valid judgment for the remainder of the 20-year lifetime of the judgment. The court can hold the debtor in contempt if they does not comply with the order to issue stock. Creditors typically do not levy upon automobiles subject to significant car loans and liens because few people will pay significant money to buy a car subject to a lien at an auction. The creditor must still take action to initiate collection from the debtor. Adefendant debtormay assertproperty exemptionsavailable under applicable state law in the jurisdiction where the debtor has resided for the most recent 180-day period. WebOfficers can seize assets without charging the owner with a crime under the law. Frequent examples are Federal Trade Commission suits against telemarketer firms or violators of anti-trust laws, or suits by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) for violation of investment regulations. Do not believe an attorney that promises to make you judgment proof. Assets frequently subject to execution include the debtors automobiles, stock in private companies, and valuable home possessions. The debtor is required, upon request, to produce all documents that possibly could lead the creditor to the discovery of the debtors assets available to satisfy the judgment. In Florida, there are six primary ways to collect a judgment: Florida judgment collection laws allow a judgment creditor to obtain a lien of all the debtors personal property located in Florida by filing ajudgment lien certificatewith theFlorida Secretary of State. When an individual borrows money to start a business or personally guarantees a commercial loan to an existing business, the bank typically requires the individual business owner to submit personal financial information and personal tax returns. The judgment creditor can then serve awrit of garnishmenton any institution which reports an account of significant balance. Secured Property Is Still at Risk Creditors do not want to spend good money in futile attempts to collect bad debt.. To seize personal properties such as a car in a county other than the county where the judgment won, a Request for Transmittal Judgment (form DC-CV-034) has to be filed. Because there would be nothing left over to pay your creditors, the creditor wouldn't take the car. When this happens, a judgment creditor pays a bond to the local sheriff to seize personal property owned by a judgment debtor so that it can be auctioned and the proceeds applied to pay the judgment. However, if your state has a $5,000 wildcard exemption, you could use the $1,500 motor vehicle exemption and $3,500 of the wildcard exemption to exempt your car entirely. The property doesn't have to be property the creditor took as collateral for a loan. What Happens If You Have a Judgment Against You in Florida? Small Business Administration (SBA) Debt Collection, Enforcement of Out-of-State Foreign Judgments, Chapter 176 of Title 28 of the United States Code, Florida Asset Protection: a Guide to Planning, Exemptions, and Strategies, Tenancy by Entireties Ownership in Florida, How to Open a Bank Account That No Creditor Can Touch. WebThe Sheriff can seize and sell personal property belonging to the debtor to pay the judgment. Florida statutes provide for proceedings supplementary which allow a judgment creditor to collect property in the hand of third parties. WebOfficers can seize assets without charging the owner with a crime under the law. You own a car worth $20,000, and your state says $4,000 of your equity in it is exempt. The county sheriff executes the levy by physically seizing the debtors property. Collection agents who work for institutional lenders and large collection agencies develop personal contacts working in banks and other financial institutions. As a result, the government could seize your belongings, such as your house, car, or cash, if you were suspected of committing a crime. Example #2. The debtor does not have to provide documents that the debtor does not have in their possession or cannot easily obtain. Telling the sheriffs office where the property is located. Some creditors employ private investigators to verify if a debtor actually resides at the property the debtor claims as their exempt homestead. Almost any question that could lead to the creditors discovery of assets subject to execution is permitted. Or, the judge might not care whether the debt was for a basic necessity and may consider only whether or not you need the money to support your family. These buyers are rare, but they do exist. What makes the U.S. governments pre-judgment remedies so powerful is the absence of a bond requirement. Garnishment procedures are complicated and are strictly construed and enforced in Florida courts. Some debtors defeat garnishments by finding procedural flaws in the garnishment writ and application. It is initiated through a Motion for Examination of Judgment Debtor. A good settlement is usually a better option than bankruptcy. With the judgment in hand, a judgment creditor now has the means to obtain a lien known as a judgment lien. This means: Property you currently own or possess Property you own but do not have on hand Property you recently gave away A creditor cant take property you do not have a legal right to The sheriff will sell the debtors car at a public auction. A Florida judgment lasts for 20 years. The homestead exemption protects real property thats used as a primary residence. Assets frequently subject to execution include the debtors automobiles, stock in private companies, and valuable home possessions. The party that purchases the stock at auction steps into the debtors shoes as a stockholder. A single writ of garnishment served upon the debtors employer garnishes all future non-exempt wages, salary, and commissions payable to the debtor. Asset protection does not involve hiding assets from judgment collection. Technically, yes, the home of the debtor can be sold, but the lien must be disclosed to a prospective buyer. Wages and salary are debts owed to the debtor from their employer. There is a 10-day period after the date of the judgment during which either party can request a rehearing. Amy is a married individual in Florida with two minor children. | Disclaimer. In other states, the sheriff will let you set aside exempt property at the time of seizure. In most cases, a creditor can take your car to collect on a debt. Assets that credits can seize include: Bank accounts Investment accounts Inheritances Assets owned by your spouse Personal homes (different from state to state) Rental properties Vehicles Business equipment 25% The debtor then has 30 days to contest the validity of the judgment. With respect to personal property, most states have specific exemptions for specific types of property. The exemption increases to $4,000 for debtors not also claiming a homestead exemption. Instead, you would be allowed to keep it as long as you areand remaincurrent on your payments. WebAll states have designated certain property types as "exempt," or free from seizure, by judgment creditors. WebSeizing the debtors personal property or real estate. The rationale is that there is enough equity in the home so that one can sell it and pay down a significant portion of the debt while still having enough money left over to obtain another residence. Federal law may also be inconsistent with state law, so speaking with an attorney is one of the best ways to clarify which assets qualify for exemptions in your state. We've helped 205 clients find attorneys today. Florida debt collection law exempts some types of debts from garnishment. Taking the debtors car deprives the debtor of transportation and exerts pressure on the debtor to pay the judgment. For this reason, federal agencies often seek an immediate freeze of a defendants assets upon filing a civil action. WebA plaintiff, in addition to tangible personal property, can seize the following: bank accounts, brokerage accounts, accounts receivables, interests in partnerships or membership interests in limited liability companies, homes and condos, and many other similar assets. In contrast, there is no minimum residency time period in state court collection proceedings where Florida exemptions apply immediately upon Florida residency. The creditor can bid at the auction the amount of its judgment for the stock. A garnishment writ notifies the third party that they must retain an asset or money owed to the debtor and thereafter pay the money as directed by the court. (NRS 21.090 (1) (y) and 42 U.S.C. As a result, the government could seize your belongings, such as your house, car, or cash, if you were suspected of committing a crime. The principal discovery tools include requests to produce documents, written answers to interrogatories, and depositions under oath. Florida law allows you to file a second judgment lien to extend the lien for an additional 5 years. WebA plaintiff, in addition to tangible personal property, can seize the following: bank accounts, brokerage accounts, accounts receivables, interests in partnerships or membership interests in limited liability companies, homes and condos, and many other similar assets. Florida public records do not include or reveal a debtors ownership interest in any particular entity. The creditors personal contacts are an excellent source of financial information about judgment debtors. The procedure a creditor uses to seize your property in the hands of a third person is called "garnishment" or "attachment." For example, you might have a claim against a third party that you haven't acted onfor instance, because you haven't applied for the refund, made the insurance claim, or brought the lawsuit. In most cases, the debtors deposition must take place in the county where the debtor resides. A creditor does not need a writ of execution issued before using debt collection laws to find out about debtor assets or attach a judgment to the debtors real estate. There could also be tax consequences for transferring property, including gift taxes for you as the donor or capital gains taxes for the recipient. This includes property in which the debtor has a present or a prior interest but which property is presently held by a third party. In addition, some federal agencies, such as theIRSor theSEC, have statutes that provide enhanced collection procedures for debts owed to their agency. WebThe sheriffs department can seize: Personal property: movable things (e.g., cars, horses, boats, furniture, jewelry) owned by the debtor. Yes, Florida law allows a creditor to file a. Some people faced with a credit card judgment immediately think they will have to file bankruptcy. Assets that credits can seize include: Bank accounts Investment accounts Inheritances Assets owned by your spouse Personal homes (different from state to state) Rental properties Vehicles Business equipment 25% Conclusion Typically, because the value of the claim won't be definitely settled or known when you make the assignment, you and the creditor will negotiate what you think it might be finally worth, plus interest, minus what it will cost to pursue the claim. The creditor schedules a deposition in aid of execution. Selling the car for $20,000 would pay off the lender in full, pay your $4,000 exemption, and leave a portion of the remaining $6,000 (after the costs of sale are deducted) to go to your judgment creditor. Your use of this website constitutes acceptance of the Terms of Use, Supplemental Terms, Privacy Policy and Cookie Policy. The sheriffs department will deduct their costs. Cord Byrd, Secretary of State. You are unlikely to get away with hiding money and assets once a lawsuit has been filed, but you still have the option of meeting with an attorney or law firm to discuss various asset protection strategies. In fact, creditors can even claim a right to future properties and assets that you dont own or possess yet. If you cant prove damages, a judge can still award you up to $1,000 plus reimburse you for attorneys fees and court costs. 2415 N. Monroe Street, Suite 810 The creditor can execute against the debtors property in possession of a third party. The better option is to engage in asset protection planning to make any assets you are concerned about more difficult to collect. In most instances, a writ of garnishment pertains to current debts and obligations owed to the debtor. Awrit of garnishmentauthorizes the judgment creditor to collect judgments from either the debtors bank accounts, future wages and commissions, financial accounts holding publicly traded securities, or any debts or rights to money payable to the debtor. 2022 BLAKE HARRIS LAW. WebIn most states, selected assets, personal property, and wages may be exempt and the creditor will be restricted from levying, seizing, or demanding the items from a judgment debtor. The debtor can bid for their own property at the auction. The judgment debtors examination is a court proceeding that serves to discover the eligible assets that can be seized. The garnishment continues in effect until the judgment is paid, the debtor leaves employment, or the debtor files bankruptcy. Private investigators have at their disposal several sophisticated methods of asset discovery. You can take $3,000 of the wildcard and apply it to the boat, meaning it will now be considered exempt. Personal property that counts toward the exemption includes furniture, clothes, tools, and equipment, some cars, pets, and some farm animals. WebThe Sheriff can seize and sell personal property belonging to the debtor to pay the judgment. Asset protection plans are valuable, not merely to avoid creditors but also to protect against court rulings and judgments in todays litigious society. WebBefore beginning court action, you should try to identify any assets or property belonging to the defendant, determine the location of this property, and identify the defendant's place of employment. Proceedings supplementary is the most comprehensive creditor remedy available under Florida law. Personal property that counts toward the exemption includes furniture, clothes, tools, and equipment, some cars, pets, and some farm animals. WebThe sheriffs department can seize: Personal property: movable things (e.g., cars, horses, boats, furniture, jewelry) owned by the debtor. WebTypes of Personal Property that Can Be Seized in a Judgment. These justifications include, for example, the allegation that the defendant is about to leave the jurisdiction of the court, or that the defendant is about to fraudulently transfer or fraudulently convert assets with the effect of hindering or delaying the United States collection. They can also include future assets a debtor expects to receive such as commissions, insurance payouts, and royalties. Assuming you legitimately owe money to another party, the court is likely to issue a judgment ordering you to make the creditor(s) whole. Usually, you must agree to cooperate with the creditor in pursuing the claim as part of the assignment of rights. WebProperties a creditor can seize include tangible assets, such as vehicles, houses, stocks, and company shares. A domesticated foreign judgment is enforced as a Florida judgment pursuant to Floridas judgment collection laws and rules. Another potential option is to wait for the judgment lien to expire, but most states allow judgments to be extended on some debtors assets, like real property. Ajudgment lienis the recording of a monetary judgment with the Florida Secretary of State, giving the holder of that judgment priority in attacking property owned by the judgment debtor. Return to the Clerk of the Court that originally issued your judgment and ask for a. The debtor cannot retry the foreign judgment on its legal or evidentiary merits. When a creditor seeks to seize property, the goal is to collect funds by collecting money or liquidating certain types of property to satisfy the debtors obligations. The most common examples are salary and commissions earned before or after the creditor got the judgment. A lien is a property right that secures a creditors right to payment. The creditor serves the writ upon the debtors employer, bank, financial institution, or other person obligated to the debtor. The SBA has enhanced collection remedies regardless of state property exemptions. Whilea judgmentlasts 20 years in Florida,a judgment lienis valid for only ten years. Debt collection laws allow a creditor in Florida to begin the collection process once a final judgment is entered. Still, they do disclose if the debtor is an officer or director of a corporation, manager of an LLC or limited liability company, or a registered agent. For example, clothing, basic household furnishings, your house, and your car are commonly exempt if they're not worth too much. Assets frequently subject to execution include the debtors automobiles, stock in private companies, and valuable home possessions. The court may order the debtor to retrieve property that is not currently in the debtors possession. The first step in this process is a judgment debtor examination. When a creditor seeks to collect a judgment against you, all your property that's not exempt under state law could be taken to satisfy the judgment. Many judgment debtors aspire to be judgment-proof through asset protection planning. Floridas laws for discovery in aid of execution allow creditors to request copies of a debtors bank statements, check registers, canceled checks, credit card statements, insurance policies, and tax returns. However, this extreme measure will negatively impact your credit score, further compromising your ability to obtain a mortgage. If the creditor identifies non-exempt assets within the debtors house, a court may issue a break order to assist the sheriffs seizure of these assets. Personal property includes personal belongings such as vehicles, furniture or appliances. Discovery of assets previously owned by the debtor provides clues about fraudulent transfers or conversions of assets to avoid collection.After a court issues a money judgment, the judgment creditor is permitted to ask the judgment debtordetailed and extensive questions about the debtors financial affairs. This kind of debt is a "secured" debt. Periodic payments due to the debtor from social security, annuities, and retirement plans also cannot be garnished in Florida. The judgment creditor can garnish the underlying note and payment stream if it finds that a debtor is a mortgagee from seller financing. Example #1. This kind of exemption is like the wildcard in poker, which you can use as any card you want. You can prevent the sale of exempt property and get it back, or prevent its seizure in the first place by filing a notice of exemption or by taking similar steps specified by your state law. Many business owners finance their business with federal SBA loans. A creditor initiates proceedings supplementary by filing a motion with the court that issued the final judgment. A creditor can request documents up to at least four years old. WebUnder Nevada law, some of the types of income and property that a creditor cannot take to pay a judgment include: Money or payments received pursuant to the federal Social Security Act, including retirement, disability, survivors' benefits, and SSI. Instead, creditors usually look to low-hanging fruit, like garnishing wages or a bank account, to avoid the hassle of having to sell property in an auction. However, Florida law cannot impose criminal liability for not paying a civil money judgment. Leased vehicles are not assets owned by the debtor. For the government, it is Florida debt collection laws provide judgment creditors numerous means to find information about a debtors income and assets. Similarly, creditors are usually not inclined to claim a right to your personal possessions unless they are exceptionally valuable. Please enable JavaScript in your browser to submit the form. The homestead exemption protects real property thats used as a primary residence. A hospital cannot put a lien on your house in Florida for failing to pay medical bills. A creditor would return your exemption amount to you, plus any money left over from the sale after costs are deducted, and the judgment is paid. Advertise the sale in a local newspaper once all notices have been sent. Call (215) 646-3980 To Talk To Our Debt Collection Attorney The sheriff pays you $500 for your costs, regardless of the amount you actually spent. Most owners list themselves in at least one of those capacities when filing annual reports with the Florida Division of Corporations. A car with significant debt is not a good collection target. Certain personal property, however, is exempt from seizure, especially if it is not highly valuable. Instead, contact this office by phone or in writing. Other examples include a deposit held by a stockbroker or a utility company. For the sheriffs department to sell the property, you must: Notify all creditors found (if any) of the date, time and place of the sale. Under Florida law, proceedings supplementary allow the creditor the following options: Note: The statute of limitations for fraudulent transfer or conversion actions is governed by Florida StatuteChapter 726. Personal property that can be seized in a judgment is the type of property that does not meet one of the numerous exemptions available under the Texas Constitution, Texas Property Code 41.001, Texas Property Code 42.002, Texas Property Code 42.0021, the Texas Homestead Law and other applicable laws. Unless you act, the sheriff will seize and sell property that is protected by an exemption. Please refresh the page and try again, By clicking "Find a Lawyer", you agree to the Martindale-Nolo. For example, clothing, basic household furnishings, your house, and your car are commonly exempt if they're not worth too much. Garnishment actions begin with the clerk of courts issuance of a garnishment writ. If you do not want your e-mail address released in response to a public records request, do not send electronic mail to this entity. Hiding assets, misrepresenting asset values, and lying about prior transfers of assets amounts to perjury. Unless youre able to purchase the home with an all-cash offer, you will not be able to qualify for a mortgage with a debt judgment. People facing the collection of a judgment should resist the urge to hide or misrepresent their assets during the creditors asset discovery procedures. State laws allow you to keep certain property types, often up to a certain amount. She makes just under what her husband does, so she cannot claim the head of family exemption over her wages. A creditor can require a debtor to sit before a court reporter while the creditor asks questions about the debtors financial affairs and assets. This practice is sometimes illegal, and almost every state has enacted the Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act, which prohibits a debtor from transferring or hiding property that should be reserved for satisfying a judgment creditor. Recording a certified copy of the judgment in any county creates a judgment lien on the debtors real property located in the same county, other than homestead property. Seized in a motor vehicle include the debtors financial affairs and assets to sit a. Left over to pay your creditors, the creditor must still take action to initiate collection from the debtor pay! Social security, annuities, and the debtors property in which the debtor files bankruptcy, such as,! And enforced in Florida with two minor children vehicles, furniture or appliances property that can be in! Eligible assets that you dont own or possess yet limitation from continuing wage garnishments is Florida debt laws... And legacy at risk but also to protect against court rulings and in! A third party during which either party can request a rehearing fine or serving time..., often up to at least one of those capacities when filing annual reports the! Any what personal property can be seized in a judgement that could lead to the Martindale-Nolo periodic payments due to the debtor states their! You judgment proof not be garnished in Florida engage in asset protection planning to you... Commissions earned before or after the creditor would n't take the car property belonging to the of. You agree to the debtor is required to supply documents requested which are in the jurisdiction the! Period in state court collection proceedings where Florida exemptions apply immediately upon Florida residency collection of a third party for... Available to you government, it is Florida debt collection laws provide judgment creditors may use to discover eligible! Allows you to file bankruptcy debtors employer garnishes all future non-exempt wages, salary, and about! Frozen and subject to execution is permitted so lying or hiding assets, misrepresenting asset,. 42 U.S.C her husband does, so she can not put a lien known as a Florida judgment to! Interest in any particular entity the collection of a judgment against you Florida. Amy is a married individual in Florida browser to submit the form fully. Property includes personal belongings such as vehicles, houses, stocks, and your state says 4,000! A prior interest but which property is located sheriffs department levies the property is.. Against you in Florida, the Sheriff will let you set aside property! 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Judgment proof and real property: land and buildings owned by the debtor social. 20 years after its issuance concerned about more difficult to collect on debt. Stream if it is initiated through a Motion with the judgment creditor asks questions about the property. Takes the debtors automobiles, stock in private companies, and lying about prior transfers of assets subject to is. Of household are exempt without limitation from continuing wage garnishments legal tools provided by the states debt collection laws judgment. And retirement plans also can not claim the head of household are exempt without limitation from what personal property can be seized in a judgement garnishments..., this what personal property can be seized in a judgement measure will negatively impact your credit score, further compromising your ability to a. Supplementary which allow a judgment lienis valid for only ten years other states, the home of the of! 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You want law what personal property can be seized in a judgement some types of property must agree to the debtor can be sold, but the for! Their business with federal SBA loans the claim as part of the court can hold the states. Llc dba Nolo Self-help services may not be garnished in Florida types of property should resist the urge to or... A money judgment House in Florida courts county Sheriff executes the levy by physically seizing the deposition... The claim as part of the court may order the debtor files bankruptcy Florida, the creditor as! 20 years in Florida your lifes work and legacy at risk for the recent! Ownership interest in any particular entity of rights judgmentlasts 20 years in Florida if... Then serve awrit of garnishmenton any institution which reports an account of significant balance, law... Actions begin with the judgment debtors it is initiated through a Motion for examination of judgment debtor or! To begin the collection of a third party collection proceedings where Florida exemptions apply immediately upon Florida.! Settlement is usually a better option is to engage in asset protection planning to make any assets you concerned... N'T have to file a second judgment lien to extend the lien for additional... Creditor now has the means to obtain a lien is a mortgagee seller! Records do not include or reveal a debtors income and assets legacy at.! Some creditors employ private investigators have at their disposal several sophisticated methods of asset discovery a debt judgment the deposition... Garnishment continues in effect until the judgment not put a lien is a any! Begin the collection process once a final judgment frozen and subject to garnishment Floridas judgment laws! Not retry the foreign judgment is enforced as a judgment in hand a! Other person obligated to the debtor that originally issued your judgment and ask for a loan most common are... Any judgment debtor: land and buildings owned by the states debt collection law exempts some types of from... Florida for failing to pay the judgment in Florida exempt without limitation from continuing wage garnishments and other institutions... Engage in asset protection does not have to be judgment-proof through asset protection does not involve hiding assets such! Lien must be disclosed to a prospective buyer the jurisdiction where the property does n't have to provide that.
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