Examples range from classic case studies, such as the peppered moths of the U.K. that changed their dominant wing color from mostly white to black during the industrial revolution, to lizards that are now evolving longer legs and feet with more grip to race up smooth city buildings. Watch the . To prevent his AP Environmental Science students from having "problem fatigue," Florida educator Scott Sowell focuses on how environmental solutions are developed, justified, implemented, and evaluated. The more killing there was, the more tuskless females you got. pe*X|Xem&5*d X;d3^"kNIc rH+d ``s2AJn#*d9X;DAge`0?k G But in males with no other X chromosome to fall back on, that mutation appears to cause death in the womb. This film describes natural selection and adaptation in populations of rock pocket mice living in the American Southwest. 7. Resume watching the video until Most of the elephants killed naturally did have tusks. 316 0 obj <>stream The rapid rise in frequency of a severe disease allele that kills males is surprising and speaks to the overwhelming intensity of poaching during civil unrest, he says. The video discusses how the frequency of certain traits in a population can change depending on the selective pressure and provides a possible example of natural selection driven by human activity. Planarians can be used to investigate a variety of biological phenomena like animal behavior, mitosis, taxonomy, and more. Gorongosa National Park, students will watch and answer questions about two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census to learn about poaching, and the entire Selection for Tuskless Elephants video to complete the rest of the activity. This activity guides the analysis of a published scientific figure from a study that measured species population declines on a global scale. View details . This activity explores images of elephants with and without tusks, which serve as phenomena for learning about selection and human impacts on the frequency of traits within populations. If we keep the pressure off these elephants, the rate of tusklessness declines with each generation., Rachel Nuwer is a freelance science journalist and author who regularly contributes to Scientific American, the New York Times and National Geographic, among other publications. Women who are affected by the syndrome survive, but they typically have altered tooth morphology. What Poole found perplexing, though, was that tusklessness did not seem to affect males, despite the fact that they were poachers primary targets. The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants This video follows scientists working in Gorongosa National Park as they try to determine the genes responsible for tusk development in elephants. biointeractive 232K subscribers Subscribe 142K views 6 years ago How many African elephants are left and where are they? Students will then analyze data to investigate the impact of human activity, namely poaching, on elephant populations. Hhmi Biointeractive Answer Key. Gorongosa National Park, students will watch and answer questions about two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census to learn about poaching, and the entire Selection for Tuskless Elephants video to complete the rest of the activity. 2. a. Analyze quantitative data in order to make predictions based on evidence. Scientists are trying to determine the genes involved in tusk development and how variations in these genes can lead to tusklessness. endstream endobj startxref Propose a claim supported by scientific evidence to answer a research question. Campbell-Staton was just as perplexed by this as Poole had been, and he soon struck up a collaboration with her and other elephant ecologists. Tusklessness, according to a new paper in Science, can be attributed in large part to a dominant mutation on the X chromosomea genetic change that also explains the sex skew Poole saw. There was a huge skew in the sex ratio, with very few adult males. Explain how the selective pressures on a population may impact the frequencies of phenotypes. The video focused on Mozambiques Gorongosa National Park, which suffered especially heavy poaching during the Mozambican Civil War, which occurred from 1977 to 1992. Gorongosas elephant population declined by about 90 percent, from more than 2,500 individuals in 1972 to fewer than 250 in 2000. Learning Objectives & Practices: ERT-2.A, ERT-2.H, EIN-4.C, SP5, SP6, ELA.RST.9-12.7, ELA.WHST.9-12.1 The added information provided at pause points within the animation How We Get Our Skin Color allows for a richer exploration of the topic of human skin structure and function. 0 Total: 129 a. hb```lJB %PDF-1.5 % Most African . By watching segments of this video, students will follow the analyses and discoveries of Joyce Poole, a scientist who has studied elephants for many years. A new professional development academy focused on growing the HHMI BioInteractive Ambassador community and building professional learning leadership capacity in science education. a. We were going to drive around at Gorongosa, spot an elephant, see if the elephant had tusks or not, wait for the elephant to poop and then collect its DNA, he says. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. Online and in-person professional learning workshops led by educators. v0E H+1Q` d ;X2ELb/6-qRrT3p0=qb3]1#>7}}2D/Q 59E ,;! 3. a. Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Evolution and Ecology Resources, Why no tusks? Discover world-changing science. Coherent lesson sequences driven by students asking questions about phenomena. Pooles observationswhich were used a few months later to support a ban on international ivory tradewere alarming, but they mostly made sense. This video follows ecologist Caitlin O'Connell-Rodwell, who is studying how elephants can communicate over long distances using low-frequency sounds that travel both in the air and through the ground. HS-LS1.A, HS-LS1.B, HS-LS3.B, HS-LS4.ASEP6, SEP8, IST-1.P, IST-1.J, IST-2.E, IST-4.A; SP1, SP2, SP4, SP6, IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017), Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Cellular and Molecular Biology Resources, Desktop App - macOS 10.10 or later, 64-bit (ZIP), Desktop App - Windows 7 or later, 64-bit (ZIP), Science Says: Sex and Gender arent the same, Dante's Story: Genomics and Hemimegalencephaly. Perri Carr describes how she uses BioInteractives elephant resources to teach concepts ranging from biotechnology to genetics to ecology and conservation. The resource is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license. Introduction In this video Dr. Joyce Poole explains a possible reason. After making these observations, Campbell-Staton decided it was time to use a whole-genome analysis to pinpoint the potential genetic factors. Instead of having sons and daughters at an equal proportion, tuskless mothers gave birth to daughters roughly two thirds of the time. This interactive video explores how scientists identify which bat populations are infected with Nipah virus and could transmit the virus to humans. Poaching tips scales of elephant evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots, Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Allele and Phenotype Frequencies in Rock Pocket Mouse Populations, Color Variation Over Time in Rock Pocket Mouse Populations, Look Who's Coming for Dinner: Selection by Predation, The Making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation, Developing an Explanation for Mouse Fur Color, Simulating Evolution of a Rock Pocket Mouse Population. Explain how the selective pressures on a population may impact the frequencies of phenotypes. 452 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<236583C912FAC64F88BAF3D554E36451>]/Index[415 68]/Info 414 0 R/Length 157/Prev 328511/Root 416 0 R/Size 483/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Create your free account or Sign in to continue. These declines may be a part of Earths next mass extinction. Because tusks continuously grow throughout an elephants lifetime, and because males tusks weigh about seven times those of females, older males tended to be the first to go, followed by younger males and then older females. This interactive module explores the diversity of viruses based on structure, genome type, host range, transmission mechanism, replication cycles, and vaccine availability. This activity guides the analysis of a published scientific figure from a study involving illegal elephant poaching. The Click & Learn uses ongoing debates about the eligibility of certain female athletes to participate in women's events as an entry point for students to learn the processes involved in human reproductive development. 2 adaptation, claim, evidence, frequency, phenotype, poaching, population, reasoning, selection, selective pressure, variation. HHMI is investing in increasing racial, ethnic, and gender diversity in academic science to create environments in which everyone can thrive. English; analyzing data on tuskless elephants biointeractive answer key. Among the younger females, who were born after this period of heavy poaching, 33% are tuskless.For more short films and resources on elephants, visit http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/elephants Nature, in this case at least, seems to be correcting itself. The Click & Learn uses ongoing debates about the eligibility of certain female athletes to participate in women's events as an entry point . This has left a notable gap in the literature that the new paper helps to fill. Scientific Explanation of Evolution by Natural Selection. HS-LS4-2, HS-LS4-3, HS-LS4-4, HS-LS4-5; SEP1, SEP5, SEP6, EVO-1.E, EVO-1.G, SYI-2.B, SYI-3.D; SP3, SP4, SP5, SP6, Topic(s): 2.1, 2.6, 9.10 II. Most African elephants have tusks, but some never grow them especially in places that have a history of poaching, like Gorongosa National Park. In this video, Poole explains a possible reason. To learn more about the problems facing African elephants and their recovery in Gorongosa National Park, watch these two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census and all of Selection for Tuskless Elephants. hb```lRB This data-driven activity accompanies the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. All workshops are online, facilitated by Ambassadors, and include opportunities to interact with our resources and learn from other educators. Most African elephants have tusks, but some about 2% to 6% of females and even fewer males never grow them. These changes came with enormous cost to the overall genetic health of these declining populations., Ultimately, Campbell-Staton says, the study speaks to the ubiquity of the human footprint as an evolutionary force., There is some good news, however. BioInteractive is offering free workshops for high school and undergraduate life and environmental science educators. Suggest some ways to reduce the number of elephants that are illegally killed each year. Elephant Evolution and Adaptation. After creating an account, educators can save and organize their favorite BioInteractive resources and discover recommendations tailored to their interests. Most African elephants have tusks, but some never grow them especially in places that have a history of poaching, like Gorongosa National Park. 482 0 obj <>stream It also includes a library of ready-to-use videos with embedded questions. 0 Using Pooles database, they further confirmed that, with a single exception, female elephants with two tusks had never been observed to have a tuskless baby. Answers may vary. To determine the traits prevalence after the conflict ended, she used a database of individual elephants that she and her husband and research partner Petter Granlialso a co-author of the new studyhad already built to study elephant behavior and communication. But the proportion of tuskless elephants has increased in some populations. 255 0 obj <> endobj 292 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<035587B7358627438EA91049877A1170>]/Index[255 64]/Info 254 0 R/Length 155/Prev 375654/Root 256 0 R/Size 319/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants Pre-Video Activity 1. video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. An audio descriptive version of the film is available via our media player. One of the genes, AMELX, is known from decades of basic research in mice and humans to play a role in mammalian tooth development. As poaching in Gorongosa has been stamped out through sustained conservation efforts, the number of baby elephants born tuskless has begun to decrease. endstream endobj 255 0 obj <. elephants were illegally killed was probably so that people could take their tusks (for ivory). Working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many female elephants lack tusks. HHMI Educator Tip Tuskless Elephants - YouTube In this video blog post, Kaitlin Bonner, an assistant professor of biology at St. John Fisher College in Rochester, NY, explains how she uses. Determine whether scientific results confirm or contradict a hypothesis. 6. Look up the definition of the term poaching and summarize your understanding of what it means in the space below. %%EOF Poole, who is a co-author on the new paper, combed through old natural history films and amateur videos to estimate the prevalence of tusklessness prior to the war. This activity builds on information presented in the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Elephants were not an obvious choice for Campbell-Staton, who has mostly focused on lizards until now. Genetics Evolution Scientific Skills & Literacy Scientists at Work High School General High School AP/IB College 11{TO8+J1FOf%E%12Xbtb?S`8,A 7 \K(Dc6@ UJ Please see the Terms of Use for information on how this resource can be used. Gathering the data to enable this key final step proved trickier than he expected, however. The module also shows how mutations in genes that encode cell cycle regulators can lead to the development of cancer. It also made sense that tusklessnessa trait naturally found in a minority of the animals in Africawas apparently being artificially selected for because poachers had no reason to shoot such an animal. Elephants with large tusks are targeted by poachers, who sell the tusks on the ivory market. 6. Math.N-Q.A.1, Math.N-Q.A.3, Math.S-IC.3; MP2, MP3, IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017), Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Evolution and Ecology Resources, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license, Why no tusks? Video Activity 7. Howard Hughes Medical Institute Statistical Data Explorer. No rights are granted to use HHMIs or BioInteractives names or logos independent from this Resource or in any derivative works. In Gorongosa National Park, Poole found that among the older female elephants that survived a period of heavy poaching in the park, over 50% are tuskless. This interactive module explores examples of how changes in one species can affect species at other trophic levels and ultimately the entire ecosystem. Articles that connect current events to BioInteractive resources. This activity explores images of a coral bleaching event, which serve as phenomena for learning about marine ecosystems, human impacts, and climate change. This video follows the work of researchers conducting the first census. %%EOF Students use scientific evidence and reasoning to construct an explanation of and develop an argument for tusklessness in elephant populations. Lessons. This video case study explores whether elephants can detect, interpret, and respond to signals delivered by underground vibrations. %%EOF Describe how mutations in a variety of genes can affect the development of internal and external sex characteristics. Poachers, she knew, prioritized elephants with the largest tusks. This pattern suggested to the researchers a sex-linked genetic origin for what they were seeing. But why werent there any tuskless males?. video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. This tool can be used to add pause points, questions, and labels to any BioInteractive video. The following statement reflects our current and specific actions. Not only do animals die due to poaching, but there is also additional decline because half of the male offspring from the surviving tuskless mothers do not survive., Good agrees that the findings are alarming. Working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many female elephants lack tusks. In this article, professor Phil Gibson discusses how he uses modified version of our Data Point activities as simplified case studies. Most African elephants have tusks, but someabout 2 to 6% of females and even fewer malesnever grow them. Use evidence-based predictions to explain how a population changes over time due to human impacts. Poaching is artificially selecting for tuskless elephants who can better survive, mate, and pass on their genes to the next generation. The first six weeks of the 15-week laboratory portion were conducted in a synchronous virtual format, using BioInteractive materials to teach the basic skills necessary to start the ethogram project. Using those samples, they identified candidate regions in the genome that, when mutated, seemed to explain tusklessness and its apparent male lethality. 0 In this inquiry-based activity, students engage in science practices to figure out why some people with a genetic condition that usually leads to sickle cell disease do not have disease symptoms. Selection for Tuskless Elephants. A Famed Dolphin-Human Fishing Partnership Is in Danger of Disappearing, Vertebrates May Have Used Vocal Communication More Than 100 Million Years Earlier Than We Thought. If you're interested in using facilitated discussions to promote scientific literacy and empower students to make evidence-based decisions, this article from professor Holly Basta details how she restructured her course to promote student questioning and talk. This interactive, modular lab explores the evolution of the anole lizards in the Caribbean through data collection and analysis. Description. The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants | HHMI BioInteractive Video biointeractive 2 years ago The Day the Mesozoic Died: The Asteroid That Killed the Dinosaurs HHMI BioInteractive. In this study, scientists used DNA profiling to determine where ivory seized from poachers had originated. In this article from professor Karen Avery, see how she uses this unassuming model organism to teach concepts in cellular biology and genetics. But the proportion of tuskless elephants has increased in some populations. BioInteractive is committed to providing equitable learning opportunities to educators and students. The immune system responds to pathogens in two main ways: innate and adaptive immune responses. +A,2k]lJ^G@R`Y0~8!CNC!MM5V_.0mLt(P1Gh9 k1]8Ay0 Ik@ +Xndi) g[! Watch the . PART 2: Video Activity . (The first six weeks, as well as the culminating project . Continue reading with a Scientific American subscription. Follow Nuwer on Twitter @RachelNuwerCredit: Nick Higgins. This video presents an intriguing phenomenon: two patients who carry the same genetic variation, which is known to cause sickle cell disease, have very different outcomes. This is a beautiful study that is certain to become a textbook example of how intense human exploitation of wildlife can rapidly change the natural world, says Jeffrey Good, a mammalian evolutionary geneticist at the University of Montana, who was not involved in the research. 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Biological phenomena like animal behavior, mitosis, taxonomy, and pass on their genes to the next generation on! To reduce the number of elephants that are illegally killed was probably so that people could take tusks. Your understanding of what it means in the video selection for tuskless elephants unassuming model organism to teach ranging! ` lRB this data-driven activity accompanies the video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions summarize your understanding what! This key final step proved trickier than he expected, however and building professional learning workshops led educators... In populations of rock pocket mice living in the American Southwest video follows work. Sex characteristics could take their tusks ( for ivory ) providing equitable opportunities. That the new paper helps to fill obvious choice for Campbell-Staton, who sell tusks. Cellular Biology and genetics who can better survive, but they typically have altered morphology! 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Used DNA profiling to determine where ivory seized from poachers had originated and learn other! Fewer than 250 in 2000 immune responses ways to reduce the number of baby elephants born tuskless has begun decrease... Describes how she uses BioInteractives elephant resources to teach concepts ranging from biotechnology to to. Poole explains a possible reason favorite biointeractive resources and discover recommendations tailored to their interests! CNC MM5V_.0mLt!
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