Accurate assessments of PAVN/VC losses, he wrote, were 'largely impossible due to lack of disclosure by the Vietnamese government, terrain, destruction of remains by firepower, and [inability] to confirm artillery and aerial kills.' More than 58,000 American casualties of the Vietnam War are commemorated on the Vietnam Wall in Washington, DC. Five men killed in Vietnam were only 16 years old. Shelby L. Stanton, 'The Rise and Fall of an American Army,' Spa Books, 1989, xvi. Those totals include only Vietnamese deaths, and do not include American and other allied military deaths which amounted to about 64,000. An error occurred trying to load this video. Dr. Shulimson heads the History Writing Unit and is a graduate of the University of Buffalo, now the State University of New York at Buffalo. More than 8.7 million Americans served on active duty during the Vietnam period (Nov 1, 1955 to May 15, 1975). The United States withdrew its forces in 1973, placing the onus on South Vietnam to fight its own battle. Neighbouring Laos and Cambodia similarly fell to communists. These statistics were sourced from the appendix of On the offensive: the Australian Army in the Vietnam War 1967-1968. Defense Department officials believed that these body count figures need to be deflated by 30 percent. Some Vietnam War veterans that died between 1966 and 1968 came from Los Angeles, Sacramento, Yuba City, San Diego, Santa Ana and Whittier or Stockton.. California has the highest veteran count of all the U.S. states, totaling 596,130. [28][4] Higher estimates place the number of civilian deaths caused by American bombing of North Vietnam in Operation Rolling Thunder at 182,000. [62] Across all three wars including the First Indochina War and the Third Indochina War there was a total of 1,146,250 PAVN/VC confirmed military deaths, included 939,460 with bodies recovered and 207,000 with the bodies unfound. This list is organized in alphabetical order, and can be used to determine the place on the Vietnam Memorial where an individual's name can be found - the panel and line number to the right of the name. Among other countries that fought for South Vietnam, South Korea had more than 4,000 dead, Thailand about 350, Australia more than 500, and New Zealand some three dozen. The Geneva conference established a treaty that split the nation of Vietnam in half for the time being, with reunification elections set to be held in 1956. Revolutionary War. He succeeded in 1954 and established a Communist government. SOG had a casualty rate of 100 percenteveryone who served in SOG was either wounded, most multiple times, or . Nick Turse, in his 2013 book, Kill Anything that Moves, argues that a relentless drive toward higher body counts, a widespread use of free-fire zones, rules of engagement where civilians who ran from soldiers or helicopters could be viewed as VC, and a widespread disdain for Vietnamese civilians led to massive civilian casualties and endemic war crimes inflicted by U.S. French Indochina (Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam) - 1,250,000 . Nine-year-old Kim Phuc had ripped off her burning . The database also estimates combat deaths in Cambodia for the years 196775 to total 259,000. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. A South Vietnamese plane seeking Vietcong hiding places accidentally dropped its flaming napalm on civilians and government troops instead. [93][97], Civil rights leaders, including Martin Luther King Jr., Malcolm X, John Lewis, Muhammad Ali and others, criticized the racial disparity in both casualties and representation in the entire military, prompting the Pentagon to order cutbacks in the number of African Americans in combat positions. In just 30 minutes, they had 30 casualties. Data for this series of conflicts includes military personnel killed in the attacks on the USS Cole on October 12, 2000, the World Trade Center and the Pentagon on September 11, 2001, and in Afghanistan and elsewhere since those dates. In 1995 Vietnam released its official estimate of the number of people killed during the Vietnam War: as many as 2,000,000 civilians on both sides and some 1,100,000 North Vietnamese and Viet Cong fighters. Index of Vietnam War Casualties by Unit of Assignment. Rummel does not give a medium or high estimate. . [6], A 2008 study by the BMJ (formerly British Medical Journal) came up with a higher toll of 3,812,000 dead in Vietnam between 19552002. The National Liberation Front & People's Army of Vietnam | History, Purpose & Strategy, 1973 Paris Peace Accords Overview | Talks, Terms & Agreement, Vietnamization Policy & Significance | Nixon's Plan to Withdraw American Forces, Operation Ranch Hand: Definition, Strategy & Impact, Significant Events in the First Indochina War, Causes of American Defeat in the Vietnam War, Communism Spreads During the Vietnam War: Cambodia and Laos. At the heart of the conflict was the desire of North Vietnam, which had defeated the French colonial administration of Vietnam in 1954, to unify the entire country under a single communist regime modeled after those of the Soviet Union and China. Specialized units such as the SeaBees, Scout Dog and Combat Tracker units, Navy SEAL/UDT, etc., usually are indexed under the next higher command. This article displays the highest percentage of casualties among American units, including those wiped out as an effective force. [11], Author Mark Woodruff noted that when the Vietnamese Government finally revealed its estimated losses (in April 1995) as being 1.1 million dead or missing, U.S body count figures had actually underestimated enemy losses. The Viet Cong lost around 1.1 million combatants. November 19, 1967 was one of the bloodiest days for American troops in the Vietnam War. 8. The Coffelt Database available on this website is updated almost every night at 3 AM. Of these, more than 13,000 were killed and 88,000 wounded, nearly a . [62], According to American writer Joseph Babcock, the Vietnamese government estimated 300,000 PAVN/VC missing-in-action (MIA) in 2019, but that the real number of MIA is widely believed to be closer to 500,000 people, whose bodies were either never found or buried anonymously and never identified. Vietnam emerged from the war as a potent military power within Southeast Asia, but its agriculture, business, and industry were disrupted, large parts of its countryside were scarred by bombs and defoliation and laced with land mines, and its cities and towns were heavily damaged. All written content, illustrations, and photography are unique to this website (unless where indicated) and not for reuse/reproduction in any form. In 1968 US soldiers murdered several hundred Vietnamese civilians in the single . Not until 1995 did Vietnam release its official estimate of war dead: as many as 2 million civilians on both sides and some 1.1 million North Vietnamese and Viet Cong fighters. [5], Uppsala University in Sweden maintains the Armed Conflict Database. [26], RJ Rummel estimated that American forces killed around 5,500 people in democide between 1960 and 1972, from a range of between 4,000 and 10,000. The important statistics and information to remember from this lesson are: To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. The former arrives in Vietnam in November 1965, and, soon after, is tasked with leading his 400 men in an effort to take out . After 1975. This was part of the Cold War effort to prevent the spread of Communism across the globe. Learn about Vietnam war statistics and casualties. The United States has spent over $65 million since 1998 as part of unexploded ordnance clearing operations. Moyar, Mark. Da Nang was the primary storage site of the chemical. [29] American bombing in Cambodia is estimated to have killed between 30,000 and 150,000 civilians and combatants. The Army instigated myriad reforms, addressed issues of discrimination and prejudice from the post exchanges to the lack of black officers, and introduced "Mandatory Watch And Action Committees" into each unit. Kennedy was assassinated in 1963, but his successor, Lyndon B. Johnson, continued the work that Kennedy had started. The human costs of the long conflict were harsh for all involved. From refugee camps in Southeast Asia, the great majority of boat people were resettled in more developed countries. 80 lessons Casualty Data For The Vietnam War. The exact breakdown still remains unclear, although an estimated 273,000 Cambodians and 62,000 Lao lost their lives. Seeing an opportunity to seize control, Ho's Viet Minh . The officially-reported numbers and categories below cover American Vietnam War deaths by age group, branch of service, service component, type of death, reason for death, race, religion, sex, state/protectorate and deaths by war year (including post . Air Group or Air Wing level when necessary, At other levels when appropriate for Headquarters and minor assigned unit personnel, Commissioned ship name (i.e., "USS WHATEVER"), Task Force level (TF 115, TF 116, TF 117) for personnel assigned to the riverine and coastal forces, Naval Support Activity level for the shore establishment, Fleet Marine Force unit for Navy personnel assigned to FMF units, SEAL/UDT and SeaBee personnel are indexed under the next higher command. Since body counts were a direct measure of operational success, US "operations reports" often listed civilian deaths as enemy KIA or exaggerated the number. Army Battle Casualties and Nonbattle Deaths (Statistical and Accounting Branch, Office of the Adjutant General), 1 June 1953, 1st Minnesota Volunteer Infantry Battalion, List of battles with most United States military fatalities, "The Old Northwest Territory: America's First Great Westward Expansion", "St. Clair's Campaign of 1791: A Defeat in the Wilderness That Helped Forge Today's U.S. Army", http://www.gdg.org/Research/MOLLUS/mollus7.html, "Chapter 3: The Siege and Capture of Corregidor", "Department of the Army, Lineage and Honors, 1st Battalion 75th Ranger Regiment", "The Korean War. The human costs of the long conflict were harsh for all involved. Major Bruce Crandall made over 20 flights into intense enemy fire during a battle in the Ia Drang Valley, South Vietnam, in November 1965, evacuating 70 wounded and delivering ammunition. the Vietnam War). Civilian deaths caused by both sides amounted to a significant percentage of total deaths. The following year, in 1976, Vietnam was united as the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. In 1995 Vietnam released its official estimate of the number of people killed during the Vietnam War: as many as 2,000,000 civilians on both sides and some 1,100,000 North Vietnamese and Viet Cong fighters. Ho Chi Minh was outraged and began to engage his forces in small fights with South Vietnamese troops. That can include disabled by injuries, disabled by psychological trauma, captured, deserted, or missing. This resulted in a dramatic decrease in the proportion of black casualties, and by late 1967, black casualties had fallen to 13%, and were below 10% in 1970 to 1972. One escapee died of wounds sustained during his rescue 15 days later. "Triumph Regained: The Vietnam War, 1965-1968." Refighting the Vietnam War. By Spencer C. Tucker ", Viet Cong and Peoples Army of Vietnam use of terror in the Vietnam War, Provisional Revolutionary Government of South Vietnam, United Nations High Commission for Refugees, Vietnamese Casualties During the American War: A New Estimate, "Fifty years of violent war deaths from Vietnam to Bosnia: analysis of data from the world health survey programme", "20 Years After Victory, Vietnamese Communists Ponder How to Celebrate", http://www.pcr.uu.se/research/ucdp/datasets/ucdp_prio_armed_conflict_dataset/, http://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a032189.pdf, Countering Terrorism and Insurgency in the 21st Century, Final Solutions: Mass Killing and Genocide in the 20th Century. [72], The Phoenix Program, a counterinsurgency program executed by the United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), United States special operations forces, and the Republic of Vietnam's security apparatus, killed 26,369 suspected of being VC operatives and informants. Civil War Deaths | How Many People Died in the Civil War? The following general rules are observed: (2) AVIATION UNIT PERSONNEL in the Navy, Marines, and Air Force are indexed at the, (3) NAVAL PERSONNEL, other than aviation personnel, are indexed by, * Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War: A Political, Social, and Military History. Once a unit assignment has been determined, a link to the individual's memorial page is included in the appropriate Unit Index. The earliest casualty record contains a date of death of . Statistical Information about Fatal Casualties of the Vietnam War, Records Relating to American Prisoners of War and Missing in Action from the Vietnam War Era, 1960-1994, Electronic Data Records Relating to Military Objectives and Activities During the Vietnam War, Electronic Records of Korean and Vietnam War Casualties, How to File a FOIA Request for Archival Records, Defense Casualty Analysis System (DCAS) Extract Files, Records on Military Personnel Who Died, Were Missing in Action or Prisoners of War as a Result of the Vietnam War, Defense Casualty Analysis System (DCAS) Files, Records of Deceased, Wounded, Ill, or Injured Army Personnel, Including Dependents and Civilian Employees, Records with Unit Information on Military Personnel Who Died During the Vietnam War. The wide disparity among the estimates cited below is partially explained by the different time periods of the Vietnam War covered by the studies and whether casualties in Cambodia and Laos were included in the estimates. In addition to patrolling, Navy PBRs participated with . Over the following years, additions to the list have brought the total past 58,200. [5], In 1995, the Vietnamese government released its estimate of war deaths for the more lengthy period of 195575. Written requests should be mailed to: National Personnel Records Center, 9700 Page Ave., St. Louis, MO 63132-5100. Two further massacres were reported by soldiers who had taken part in them, one north of c Pho in, 426 killed in action, 74 died of other causes, 6 missing in action (all accounted for and repatriated), This page was last edited on 1 March 2023, at 15:26. Chapter 14: "The cease-fire war claimed 26,500 ARVN dead in 1973, and almost 30,000 in 1974. This led to increased racial tension in the military. [102] The Red Cross of Vietnam estimates that up to 1 million people are disabled or suffer health problems due to Agent Orange exposure. These Vietnam War photos taken by U.S. Army photographers reveal a side of the conflict that few people have ever seen. Back in the US, support for the war waned and calls to withdraw from Vietnam grew louder. [4] Data for deaths in Laos is incomplete. Apart from these few restrictions, the Coffelt Database is open to the public - just as Richard Coffelt intended. Encounter Books, December 2022. The study's authors stated that methodological limitations of the study include imbalance between rural and urban areas and the potential exclusion of high mortality areas. [42] This might partially explain the discrepancies between recovered weapons and body-count figures, along with exaggeration, although the NVA and VC also went to great lengths to recover weapons from the battlefield. Ambassador to Vietnam David Shear. Civilian deaths are still ongoing because of the use of unexploded ordnances left behind from the war. The 'shameful gamesmanship' practiced by 'certain reporting elements' under pressure to 'produce results' also shrouded the process. Based on unit surveys, . [25][30], 18.2 million gallons of Agent Orange, some of which was contaminated with Dioxin, was sprayed by the U.S. military over more than 10% of Southern Vietnam[31] as part of the U.S. herbicidal warfare program Operation Ranch Hand during the Vietnam War, from 1961 to 1971. Regarding killed in action the 1st Marine Division was the unit with the highest . There was strong pressure to produce body counts as a measure of operational success and enemy body counts were directly tied to promotions and commendation. The term casualty in warfare can often be confusing. He took over the city of Hanoi and declared independence from France in 1954. When he later read the official tally of dead, he found that it listed them as 130 VC killed. 1968 Tet Offensive - Hanoi failed in its most ambitious goal of producing a general uprising in the South, it suffered more than 45,267 (mainly Viet Cong) deaths but gained a propaganda, political and strategic victory. History 308: Causes and Effects of the Vietnam War, Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses, Participants & Strategies in the Vietnam War, Casualties of the Vietnam War: Causes & Statistics, Primary Source: Brent Scowcroft's 'Escape from South Vietnam' Memorandum, Postwar Relations Between America and Vietnam, Vietnam Veterans Memorial: Description & History, Primary Source: New York Times' Article on Tribute to Vietnam Dead, Vietnam Syndrome: Definition, Causes & Impact, Studying for History 308: Causes & Effects of the Vietnam War, History 106: The Civil War and Reconstruction, ILTS Social Science - History (246): Test Practice and Study Guide, SAT Subject Test World History: Practice and Study Guide, Praxis Elementary Education: Multiple Subjects (5001) Prep, History 307: American Civil Rights Movement, Praxis Fundamental Subjects: Content Knowledge (5511) Prep, Praxis Elementary Education: Social Studies Subtest (5004) Prep, US History - Civil War: Lesson Plans & Resources, 6th Grade World History I: Homeschool Curriculum, The French and Indian War Lesson Plan for Elementary School, Middle Colonies Economic Industry Activities, New England Colonies Economic Industry Activities, Sugar Act Lesson Plan for Elementary School, Sons of Liberty Lesson Plan for Elementary School, Boston Tea Party Activities for 4th Grade, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community. Over 58,000 American troops were killed in Vietnam, with more still not identified. The Viet Cong used the jungle terrain to their advantage both as a means of hiding, as well as a place to bury pressure-sensor explosives to wipe out unsuspecting bands of patrolling enemy forces. During warfare, some units take more casualties than other units. These deaths made up about 40% of the total casualties. [58] According to Guenter Lewy, the ARVN suffered between 171,331 and 220,357 deaths during the war. Corrections? The oldest man killed was 62 years old. We do not sell any of the items showcased on this site. Many deaths, however, were not completely targeted as they were the result of chance, being in the wrong place at the wrong time. Morning muster on July 2 for the eight companies (A,B,D,E,G,H,I & K) involved in the suicidal attack was 262, and evening muster on the same day was 47. The Vietnamese, in the midst of the fighting, only had a growing desire to separate from colonial France and create their own nation. Chart and statistics of US death/wounded in war as well as amputation ratios in the Afghanistan war compared with other major operations. U.S. Marines in Vietnam, 1967, Fighting the North Vietnamese, 1984 . The battle was later dramatized in the film We Were Soldiers. A mass exodus in 1975 of people loyal to the South Vietnamese cause was followed by another wave in 1978 of boat people, refugees fleeing the economic restructuring imposed by the communist regime. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. 49. These records were transferred into the custody of the National Archives and Records Administration in 2008. Search and destroy was a term to describe operations aimed at flushing the Viet Cong out of hiding, while body count was the measuring stick for operation success and this resulted in exaggeration and listing civilian deaths as enemy KIA. "UCDP/Prio Armed Conflict Database", Uppsala University, sfn error: no target: CITEREFRummel1997 (. [65], According to the Vietnamese government's official history, one of the deadliest years was 1972, where they lost over 100,000 casualties. [27] Estimates for the number of North Vietnamese civilian deaths resulting from US bombing range from 30,00065,000. . Post-War Issues: Aftereffects of the Vietnam War on the U.S. In 1995 Vietnam . [55] These policies were also reported on by US commanders, with one US Marine General stating "whenever the Korean marines received fire "or think [they got] fired on from a village they'd divert from their march and go over and completely level the village it would be a lesson to (the Vietnamese). For example, during the Seven Days Battles in the American Civil War (June 25 to July 1, 1862) there were 5,228 killed, 23,824 wounded and 7,007 missing or taken prisoner for a total of 36,059 casualties. Ho Khang, ed, Marilyn Young. Unit Best Practice Resources Sample Unit LDP Orders Leadership Toolkits . Commander George L. Jackson said, "In response to this criticism, the Department of Defense took steps to readjust force levels in order to achieve an equitable proportion and employment of Negroes in Vietnam." They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. (L Company Ranger 75th Infantry Archives) At only 17 years old, B.C.'s . 1st Battalion, 9th Marines. The number of these "boat people" leaving Vietnam and arriving safely in another country totalled almost 800,000 between 1975 and 1995. On October 22, 1957, the U.S. forces suffered their first hostile casualties. Estimates of the total number of deaths in the Vietnam War vary widely. 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